Tannenberg, Battle. 1410. Victory of Poles and Lithuanians ends Teutonic Knights’ expansion. 1914. Germans rout 2 Russian armies, crippling them for rest of WWI.

Tardieu, André. 1876-1945. French politician. Paris Peace Conference. Prime Minister 1929~32.

Targowica, Confederation. 1792. Conservative Poles begin war. Second partition 1793.

Tea Act. 1773. British give British East India Company effective monopoly in North America. Boston Tea Party.

Teschen Dispute. 1919. Poland, Czechoslovakia battle over industrial, coal-mining territory.

Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Third Section. 1826-80. Nicholas I’s secret police, informants.

Tientsin Massacre. 1870. 20 French killed. China apologizes. End of China/Western co-operation.

Tiepolo, Giovanni. 1696-1770. Italian painter of color and light. Frescoes.

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

Tonga. c500BC Polynesians. 1616 Dutch explore. 1777 Cook. 1900 British protectorate. 1970 Independent.

Tonypandy Riots. 1910. Police control striking coal miners. Cavalry held in reserve by Churchill.

Torun, Treaty. 1466. Poland, Teutonic Knights. Poland regains Prussia. Knights acknowledge Polish sovereignty.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Trafalgar, Battle. 1805. Nelson’s victory over the French and Spanish fleets. British naval superiority secured. Nelson killed. Ends Napoleon’s plans to invade England.

Tripolitan War. 1801-5. US vs Barbary pirates who demanded tribute to the Pasha of Tripoli.

Trollope, Anthony. 1815-82. English Realist Victorian novelist of ordinary people, religious and political life: Phineas Finn. Barchester Towers 1857. 46 novels.

Troubles, Time of. 1604-13. Russian rival claims to throne by 3 “False Dmitris”. Polish Invasion. Romanov elected.

Turnverein. 1811. German Nationalist gymnastic movement vs Napoleon. Jahn.

Tylor, Edward. 1832-1917. British founder of cultural anthropology.

Ukraine. 3C Ostrogoths. Rus. 1240 Golden Horde. 1392 Lithuania. 1569 Poland. 1648 Independent Cossack state. 1654 Muscovy protectorate. 1772 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1923 USSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Ulm, Battle. 1805. Napoleon defeats Austria.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Van Buren, Martin. 1782-1862. US president 1837-41. Independent treasury, US neutrality. Barnburner. Called “Little Magician” for his political dexterity.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen. 1764-1839. US politician. Key to Erie Canal.

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