Sebastapol, Siege. 1854. 11 mos. Allied Crimean War victory. First trench warfare. Florence Nightingale.

Secret Speech. 1956. Khrushchev call for destalinization in USSR leads to Hungarian, Polish uprisings.

Sedan, Battle. 1870. Napoleon III surrenders to Germans. Ends second French Empire.

Sejm. 1467-. Polish legislative assembly.

Sempach Battle. 1386. Swiss confederates defeat Austrian Duke Leopold, ensuring independence.

Senghor, Leopold. 1906-2001. Poet, First president of Senegal 1960-80.

Separatism. 1960-. Quebec movement for political independence from Canada. Referendum defeated 1980, 1995.

Seven Against Thebes. Legendary Greek heroes, fought to restore Thebes throne to Polynices.

Shaftesbury, 7th earl. 1801-85. English reform politician. Coal Mines Act 1842. Factory Acts. Sponsored schools, housing for poor.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 1890 US. Prohibits monopolies, restraint of trade.

Sidoine Apollinaire. 430-472. Roman poet, Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand.

Sienkiewicz, Henryk. 1846-1916. Polish novelist: Slowo Trilogy 1883-88. Quo Vadis 1896.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Sigismund I. The Old. 1467-1548. King of Poland 1506-. Acquired Prussia 1525.

Sigismund III. Vasa. 1566-1632. King of Poland 1587-, Sweden 1592-99. Captured Moscow 1610-12.

Sikorski, Wladyslaw. 1881-1943. Polish general, Prime Minister. Headed WWII government in exile.

Silesia. c300BC Vandal. c4C Slav. 11C Polish. 1163 Divided. 13C German colony/Tatars invade. 1335 Bohemia. 15C Divided. 1526 Hapsburg. 1675 Bohemia. 1694 Austria. 1742 Prussia. 1921 Czechoslovakia/Poland/Germany. 1938/9 German. 1945 Poland/GDR.

Silk Route. Trade route from Rome to China. Followed by Marco Polo.

Simenon, Georges. 1903-89. Belgian writer of political and detective novels. Commissaire Maigret.

Singer, Isaac B. 1904-91. Polish/US Yiddish writer. Gimpel the Fool 1957.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Smolensk. Victories of Napoleon 1812, Germans 1941.

Sobieski. Polish king. Saved Vienna 1683.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

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