Maori. Polynesian people of New Zealand. Migrated before 800 AD (1150 by their legend).

Marengo, Battle. 1800. Napoleon defeats Austria, gains Lombardy.

Marie Louise. 1791-1847. Daughter of Francis II. Married Napoleon...Empress of France 1810-15.

Marmont, Auguste. 1774-1852. French Marshal. Surrendered Paris 1814 causing Napoleon to abdicate.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marsyas. Mythical Phrygian artist. Challenged Apollo to musical contest.

Martello Towers. 1804. Swiss designed defensive towers on English coast against Napoleon.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Mathieu, Albert. 1802. Suggested English Channel Tunnel to Napoleon.

Maugham, W. Somerset. 1874-1965. British cosmopolitan Humanist writer. Of Human Bondage 1915. Short Stories. Moon and Sixpence 1919.

Maurras, Charles. 1868-1952. French political theorist. Founded Action Française 1899.

Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

Mazepa, Ivan. 1644-1709. Cossack. Fought for Ukraine independence from Poland.

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz. 1927-. Polish Prime Minister 1989. First non-communist Prime Minister in Eastern Europe in 40 years.

Mead, Margaret. 1901-78. US anthropologist. Coming of Age in Samoa 1928.

Medieval Music. 476-13C. Church oriented. Evolved from Plainsong to polyphonic.

Megalopolis. 370-222BC. Greek city destroyed by Spartan Cleomenes III.

Mercantilism. 16-18C. Economic policy opposed to Adam Smith’s. Regulation of industry and trade. Large armies. Wealth of nation is its gold.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

MGB. 1946-53. USSR Secret Police. KGB.

Michelangelo. 1475-1564. Florentine sculptor, painter, architect, poet. Obsessed with reproducing the human form. Pieta 1497. David 1501-4. Sistine Chapel Ceiling 1508-12. Moses 1515. Bound Slave. Medici Tomb 1520. Last Judgement 1534-41. St. Peters cupola 1547.

Michelson, Albert. 1852-1931. Polish/US physicist. With Morley, disproved existence of ether 1887. Measured speed of light.

Mickiewicz, Adam. 1798-1855. Polish Romantic poet. Pan Tadeusz 1834.

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