Hypatia. c370-415. Alexandrian Neoplatonic philosopher. Murdered by St. Cyril and monks. Decline of Alexandria as learning center.

I Ching. 12C BC. Supplement 475BC. Chinese Book of Changes. 64 hexagrams used for divination. Early ethics, philosophy text.

Iamblichus. c250-330. Syrian NeoPlatonist philosopher. Theurgy replaces spiritual mysticism. De Mysteriis.

Iberville, Pierre d’. 1661-1706. French-Canadian explorer to Louisiana.

Iceni. PreRoman British peoples in East Anglia. 60 Boadicia revolted vs Rome.

ICFTU. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 1949. Split from WFTU. Represents 70M workers in 89 countries. IFTU.

Ignatius of Constantinople, St. c799-877. Greek Catholic Iconophile.

Iguala, Plan de. 1821. Stated 3 objectives of Mexican Independence movement. Ignored by issuer, Iturbide, when he became Emperor.

Illuminati. 16-18C. Term applied to rationalistic anticlerical Christian sects.

Inca. 12-16C Peruvian empire of 12M people. 1533 Pizarro conquers.

India-Pakistan Wars. 1949. Splits Kashmir. 1965. India gains most of Rann of Kutch. 1971. Bangladesh Independence.

Indulgence. 800 Pardon for sin in place of penance. Granted by church, 12C as reward to Crusaders. Sold by church, 1313-. Abuse by Leo X led to Reformation.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

Inns of Court. British apprenticeship and appointment of barristers. Temple, Lincoln 13C. Gray’s 1295. Inner 1326. Middle 1404. 1443-1876 Serjeant’s.

Ionian School. 6C BC. Greek philosophers. Thales. Araximanedes. Diogenes. Explained phenomena in terms of physical forces.

Ireland. 400BC-100 Celts. 432 Christianity. 8-14C Norse/British invade, settle. 1002 Brian Boru. 1573 English plantations. 1801 United Kingdom. 1921 Irish Free State/Northern Ireland.

Isaurians. Bellicose peoples of Anatolia defeated by Servilius 76BC.

Isherwood, Christopher. 1904-86. English novelist/playwright. Goodbye to Berlin 1939.

Italo-Turkish War. 1911-12. Italy gains Libya and Rhodes. 1911 First offensive use of airplane (vs Libya).

Jacobean Architecture. 1600-1625. English Tudor style refined, restrained and harmonized. U and H plans. Jones.

Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi. 1207-73. Persian Sufi poet. Founded Whirling Dervishes. Spiritual Couplets.

James, William. 1842-1910. US Pragmatic philosopher. Radical Empiricism. Principles of Psychology 1890. Will to Believe 1897.

James I. 1566-1625. James VI of Scotland 1567-. King of England 1603-. United Scotland and England. Authorized Bible 1611.“Wisest fool in Christianity”. Gunpowder Plot. Religious controversy.

Jewish Revolts. vs Romans. 66-73: Failed, Temple destroyed. 132-5: Suppressed by Hadrian. Jews banished from Jerusalem.

Johnson, James. 1871-1938. US poet, diplomat. Secretary of NAACP. God’s Trombones 1927.

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