Morny, Charles, duc de. 1811-65. French coup organizer 1851 for Napoleon III.

Mortimer, Roger. c1287-1330. Lover of Queen Isabella. Deposed Edward II and ruled 1327-. Executed by Edward III.

Napoleon III. 1808-73. President of French Republic 1848-52. Emperor by coup d’etat 1852-70. Defeated by Bismarck, exiled.

Neerwinden. 1693 Victory of Luxembourg over William of Orange.

Neville, Ralph. 1364-1425. Aided Henry IV vs Richard II. Grandfather of Edward IV and Richard III.

Nonjurors. 1689. Clergy refusing to take oath of Allegiance to William and Mary.

Olive Branch Petition. 1775. Moderate Americans attempt to avoid war. Ignored by George III.

Orange, House of. French dynasty influential in Netherlands. William I. William III.

Orsini. 12C-. Influential Roman family. Popes Celestine III, Nicholas III, Benedict XIII.

Orsini Affair. 1858. Unsuccessful plot on Napoleon III led to his interest in Italian unity.

Oxford, Provisions of. 1258-66. Reforms barons forced on Henry III. Annulled, modified. Led to Provisions of Westminster, Barons War.

Parr, Catherine. 1512-48. Sixth and last wife of Henry VIII.

Paul III. 1468-1549. Pope 1534-. Sanctioned Jesuits.

Pepi II. Egyptian king 2275-2181BC. 94 yr. reign.

Plombières Agreement. 1858. Napoleon III agrees to support Cavour (Piedmont) vs Austria in return for Savoy and Nice.

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Polish Succession, War of. 1733-38. Russia, Austria defeat Poland, France, Spain; place Augustus III on throne.

Rainier III. 1923-. Prince of Monaco, 1949-. Grimaldi.

RákóczI II, Ferenc. 1676-1735. Transylvanian prince. Led Hungarian Uprising 1703.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Regency. England. 1811-20. George, Prince of Wales ruled for insane father, George III.

Renaudot, Théophraste. 1586-1653. Physician to Louis XIII. Huguenot. Founder of first periodical, Gazette de France 1631.

Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Restoration Period. England 1660-88. Charles II, James II. France 1814~30. Louis XVIII, Charles X.

Richard III. 1452-85. King of England 1483-. Murdered (?) nephews in tower. Killed at Bosworth by Henry VII, ending War of Roses.

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