Granados, Enrique. 1867-1916. Spanish Nationalist composer. 7 Operas. Set of Tonadillas. Dances. Goyescas 1911-13.

Granicus, Battle. 334BC. Alexander’s First victory; defeats Darius III of Persia.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Gris, Juan. 1887-1927. Spanish Cubist painter. Guitar, Book and Newspaper 1920.

Gulistan, Treaty. 1813. Persia cedes Azerbaijan to Russia.

Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Hafez. 1325-89. Persian poet. Divan 1369. Now, anyone who has memorized the Koran.

Haile Selassie. 1892-1975. Emperor of Ethiopia, 1930~74. Modernized and reformed country. Deposed.

Haller, Albrecht von. 1708-77. Swiss anatomist. “Father of experimental physiology”.

Han Wu Ti. 156-87BC. Chinese Emperor 140-. Confucianism as state religion. Exam system for civil service used to 20C.

Handel, George Frideric. 1685-1759. German/ English composer of oratorio, Italian opera. Peak of polyphonic music. Water Music 1717. Messiah 1741. Music for Royal Fireworks 1749.

Hansson, Per. 1885-1946. Swedish Prime Minister 1932-. Maintained neutrality in WWII.

Harmsworth, Harold. 1868-1940. English newspaper publisher. Daily Mail.

Harper’s Ferry. 1859. John Brown raids arsenal to start slave uprising.

Haussman. Baron. 1809-91. Parisian town plan, 1852. Opera House. Bois de Boulogne.

Hearst, Wm Randolph. 1863-1951. US newspaper giant: San Francisco Examiner.

Heliocentricity. Revolution of the earth around the sun. Once considered heretical. Galileo. Copernicus.

Hellenic Art. 1500-300BC. Prehistoric, Archaic, and Classical periods in Greece.

Hellenistic Art. c330-50BC. Cosmopolitan culturally diverse period of Alexander’s empire. Sensual, emotional sculpture. Dying Gaul. Laocoön.

Helsinki Accords. 1975. Human rights, freedom, co-operation. Reduced East-West tensions.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herbert, Victor. 1859-1924. Irish/US operetta composer. Babes in Toyland 1903.

Hesperides. Nymphs who guarded Hera’s tree of golden apples.

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