Epaminondas. c410-362BC. Thebian general, statesman. Defeated Sparta at Leuctra. Permanently changed balance of power.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Erebus. Area of Greek underworld. Personified as son of Chaos.

Eretria. Greek city. Destroyed 490BC by Persia.

Esther. Old Testament Persian Queen. Saved Jews from extinction.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

Executive Branch. Department of US government which carries out laws, under supervision of President.

Exuperantius, St. 3C Zurich martyr.

Fabergé, Peter. 1846-1920. Russian jeweller. Imperial Easter Eggs 1884-1917.

Fahrenheit, Gabriel. 1686-1736. German physicist, inventor of temperature scale 1712. Alcohol thermometer 1709. Mercury thermometer 1714.

Family Compact. Small conservative group dominates government of Upper Canada leading to 1837 Rebellion. Mackenzie.

Family Pact. 1863. Maximilian renounces claims to Austrian throne to be Emperor of Mexico.

Fawkes, Guy. 1570-1606. Gunpowder Plot perpetrator.

Ferdinand I. 1793-1875. Austrian Emperor 1835-48. Abdicated.

Firdusi. c930-c1020. Persian epic poet. Book of Kings 1010.

Firearms. 1247 used at Siege of Seville.1327 Edward III uses canon vs Scots. 1364 Perugia First handguns. 1640 Flintlock.

Forbidden City. 1421-1911. Peking. Emperor’s fortified palace. Commoners forbidden to enter.

Foucault, Léon. 1819-68. Proved rotation of the earth in an experiment at the Pantheon, Paris, 1851. Gyroscope, 1852.

Fourier, Charles. 1772-1837. French socialist philosopher. His utopia was attempted in US, Brook Farm, a voluntary cooperative.

Francis I. 1708-65. Holy Roman Emperor, 1745-. Husband of Maria Theresa. Wars of Polish and Austrian Succession.

Frederick II. 1194-1250. Holy Roman Emperor. 1220-. King of Sicily 1198-. King of Jerusalem 1229-. Patron of arts, education.

Fries’s Rebellion. 1799. Pennsylvanian German-Americans rebel vs property tax. Pardoned by Adams.

Froebel, Friedrich. 1782-1852. German kindergarten 1841. Creativity, personal development, social adjustment.

Fu Hsi. 2800BC. Chinese mythical Emperor. Created I Ching, marriage rites.

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