Littré, Paul-Émile. 1801-81. French positivist philosopher. Dictionary of the French Language 1863-73.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. 1807-82. US poet. Evangeline 1847. Hiawatha 1855. Paul Revere’s Ride 1863.

Manichaeism. 240-6C. Dualist ascetic Persian religion founded by Mani (-274) combining Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity. Man’s spirit is good, body is evil. Albigens, Cathars, Paulician.

Marat, Jean-Paul. 1743-1793. Bloodthirsty French revolutionary, murdered by Charlotte Corday.

Müller, Paul. 1899-1965. Swiss chemist. DDT as insecticide 1939.

Neo-Impressionism. 19C. Application of optical discoveries by Seurat and Signac. Pointilism.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Painlevé, Paul. 1863-1933. French mathematician. Prime Minister 1917,25.

Parnassians. 1867-99. French detached anti-Romantic poetry school. Leconte de Lisle. Sully-Prudhomme. Verlaine. Gautier. Baudelaire.

Pathé, Charles. 1863-1957. French film maker. First Newsreels 1909. Les Misérables 1909. Perils of Pauline 1914.

Paul, St. c10-67. Apostle, organizer of Christian religion. Travelled extensively. Pharisee, rabbi, tentmaker converted by vision, 37. Epistles. Martyred by Nero.

Paul VI. 1897-1978. Pope 1963-. Encyclical on birth control.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Paulicians. 7-11C. Heretical Gnostic dualistic Christian sect.

Pauling, Linus. 1901-94. US biochemist/peace advocate. Chemical bonding.

Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pont-Aven. 1886-88. School of Synthesism led by Gauguin.

Post-Impressionism. -1910. Modern art movement of solid color and forms as a reaction to Impressionism. Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin.

Reuter, Paul. 1816-99. German telegraphic press pioneer, 1851. Pigeon post 1850.

Revere, Paul. 1735-1818. Silversmith. American Revolution hero. 1775 Midnight ride warned militia of British troops marching on Concord.

Reynaud, Paul. 1878-1966. French Prime Minister, imprisoned by Vichy French.

Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

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