Cassino. 1944. Town, monastery destroyed in German defence of route to Rome.

Cerceau, Baptiste du. 1545-90. Designer of Pont Neuf, 1578.

Ceres. Roman goddess of growth. = Demeter.

Champa. 2-15C Vietnamese kingdom. 5-6C China. 1471 Vietn dest.

Ch’ang O. Chinese moon goddess.

Chares. Greek bronze sculptor: Colossus of Rhodes 292BC.

Charles III. 1716-88. King of Spain 1759-. Enlightened despot. Lost Florida but strengthened empire.

Chippendale, Thomas. 1718-79. English neoclassical furniture designer. Book of Patterns, 1752.

Circe. Wizardess. Changed Odysseus’ men into animals.

Clermont Council. 1095. Proposed first Crusade.

Coatlicue. Aztec earth goddess.

Colette, Sidonie. 1873-1954. French descriptive novelist. Claudine Stories 1900-03. Chéri 1920. Gigi 1944.

Colombo, Matteo. c1516-59. Described pulmonary circulation.

Colossus of Rhodes. 280-224BC. 30m bronze statue of Helios. Collapsed during earthquake. A 7 Wonder.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Constitution. 1797. US warship Old Ironsides.

Copenhagen, Battle. 1801. Nelson destroys Danish fleet. 1807. British bomb Copenhagen.

Corinth. 1350BC “Founded by Sisyphus”. 243BC Achaean League. 146 Rome destroys, rebuilds 46BC. Byzantine. 1458 Ottoman. 1687 Venice. 1715 Ottoman 1822 Greece.

Cour Carrée. Central court of Louvre designed by Percier and Fontaine.

Cressida. Unfaithful to Troilus, she deserted Troy for the Greeks.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuban Missile Crisis. 1962. Kennedy blockades Cuba to prevent Soviet missile installation.

Cumae. 750BC-1205. Oldest Greek colony in Italy. Near Naples.

Cyclades. Greek Islands in Delian League.

Cyprus. Stone, Bronze Age civilizations. 1450BC Egypt. 1200BC Greek. 1000 Phoenicia. 709 Assyria. 569 Egypt. 6C Persia. 333 Macedonia. 294 Egypt. 47BC Rome...330 AD Byzantine. 7C Moslem. 1191 Crusaders. 1489 Venice. 1571 Turk. 1878 British lease...1914 Britain annexes. 1927 Crown Colony. 1960 Republic. 1963-4 Civil War, Greece and Turkey intervene. 1974 Turkey invades, partition.

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