Bellona. Roman goddess of war. Mars’ sister.

Bengal. 8C Pala emp. 11C Hindu. 13C Turk. 1576 Mogul. 1757 Britain. 1947 India(W)/Pakistan(E). 1971 E =Bangladesh.

Bernadette, St. Soubirous. 1844-79. French girl. Visions at Lourdes, 1858.

Bernard, St. 1090-1153. Founder of Clairvaux 1115, Second Crusade instigator.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Bhutan. Himalayan kingdom. 9C Tibet invaders settle. c1630 Independent. 17,18C Tibet invades. 1865 Part British 1907 Monarchy. 1910 British Protectorate. 1949 Indian Protectorate.

Biedermeier. 1815-35. German bourgeois kitsch style of sentimental art and utilitarian furniture. Circular pedestal table.

Black Codes. 1865-6. Strict US local laws to control blacks based on slave codes. Freedmen. Jim Crow.

Boeotian League. 550-335BC. Federal government formed by Thebes. Opposed Sparta in Corinthian War. Defeated by Philip of Macedonia, 338. Destroyed by Alexander the Great, 335.

Bona Dea. Roman fertility goddess. = Fauna.

Bosnian Crisis. 1908-9. Russia sides with Serbian rebels after Austria-Hungary annexation. Black Hand.

Bruant, Libéral. 1635-97. Architect: Les Invalides 1671.

Brute. Descendant of Aeneas, said to have founded New Troy at London..

Bundesrat. Upper house of Swiss, German, Austria Parliaments.

Bundestag. Lower House of German Parliament 1949-. Elects Chancellor.

Butades of Sicyon. c600BC. First Greek to sculpt in clay.

Cabochiens. 1411-18. Paris tradesmen. Supported Burgundians vs Armagnacs.

Cade’s Rebellion. 1450. English small property holders revolt. War of Roses.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Calvinism. New concept of work. Diligence, frugality, beyond satisfaction of material needs. Predestination. Strict Rectitude. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Remonstrants.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. CND. 1958- Founded by Russell. Aldermaston Marches. The peace symbol, overlaid semaphore ND, was designed for the CND.

Capua. (Ancient) c600BC Etruria. c440BC Samnites. 338BC Rome. 216BC Hannibal. 211BC Rome. 456 Vandals. c840 Saracens destroy. Rebuilt as Sta Maria Capua Vetere.

Cardano, Gerolamo. 1501-76. Italian physician. Described typhus fever.

Caroline Affair. 1837. Canadians destroy US vessel at Niagara for supplying rebels. Mackenzie.

Cartesians. Descartes.

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