Visigoths. 376-711. Western Goths. Alaric sacked Rome 410. Defeated at Vouillé by Clovis 510. Settled Spain, southern France 415-711. Destroyed by Moors 711.

Vosges, Place de. 1605-12. Paris’ oldest square.

Vulcan. Roman god of destruction, fire, weapons. = Hephaestos.

Warsaw. 1596 Polish capital. 1655 Sweden destroys. 1795 Prussia. 1807 Napoleon creates Duchy. 1813 Russia. 1815 Kingdom of Poland. 1939-45 Germany occupies.

Warsaw Uprising. 1830-1. Czartoryski attempt to oust Russians crushed. 1944. Polish underground army defeats Germans but Soviet delay allows German reinforcements to defeat Poles, destroying potential opposition to later Soviet control.

Waugh, Evelyn. 1903-66. English satirical writer: Brideshead Revisited 1945.

Williams, Tennesee. 1911-83. US playwright. Streetcar Named Desire 1947. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 1954.

Winter War. 1939-40. USSR invades Finland.

WorldTradeCenter, 1972-2001. New York. Attacked 1993, destroyed September 11, 2001 by al-Qaeda terrorists. Osama bin Laden.

Zadkine, Ossip. 1890-1967. Russian/French cubist sculptor. Musicians 1924. Christ 1939. Destroyed City 1951.

Zambia. 1851 Livingstone explores. 1890 British South Africa Company =Northern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 Independent Zambia.

Zangi. 1084-1146. Seljuk ruler. Defeated crusaders. Established Zangid dynasty in Middle East 1127-1250.

ZAPU. Patriotic Front. Zimbabwe African People’s Union. 1961-. Founded by Nkomo vs white minority rule in Rhodesia. 1987 Merged with ZANU.

Zara, Siege. 1202. Fourth Crusaders aid Venice attack rebelling Zadar.

Zimbabwe. 11C Shona. 15C Karanga Empire. 16C Portugal explores. 1890 British South Africa Co. 1911 Southern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 =Rhodesia. 1965 Declared indepence, international sanctions. 1979 Independent. =Zimbabwe. ZAPU. ZANU. Mugabe.

Zulu War. 1879. Resistance to Rhodes(British) expansion in South Africa quelled.