Peter the Hermit. 1050-1115. French. Led ill-equipped army in First Crusade.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Picasso, Pablo. 1881-1973. Spanish/French Cubist painter. Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907. Guernica 1937.

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Legend based on Children’s Crusade. Leads children away when townspeople refuse to pay for ridding town of vermin.

Pilâtre de Rosier, Jean-François. 1756-85. Physician and balloonist. First ascent 1783 with Montgolfier; First free flight 1783 with d’Arlandes. Killed trying to cross Channel.

Pindar. c522-443BC. Greek Epicurean lyric poet of odes celebrating athletic victories.

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. 1915-. Chilean President 1973-90. Coup vs Allende. Brutal dictatorship, torture and disappearances. Charged 1998.

Place de la Concorde. 1775. Paris. Designed by Gabriel 1755. Site of guillotine 1793.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Pleiades. 7 Greek mythological daughters of Atlas, became constellation.

Pluto. Greek underworld king = Hades = Orcus = Pater Dis. Planet discovered by Tombaugh, 1930. Disney dog named after planet, 1931.

Pompeii. Destroyed 79 by Vesuvius eruption. Rediscovered 1592.

Pont Neuf. 1578-1607. Oldest surviving Paris bridge.

Poseidonius. c135-51BC. Greek Stoic philosopher. Explained tides 79BC.

Predestination. Christian doctrine that God has pre-ordained who will be saved. Calvinism.

Pressburg, Treaty. 1805. Austria loses in Napoleonic Wars. Cedes land to France.

Pride’s Purge. 1648. Removal of 143 Presbyterian royalists from Parliament. Rump Parliament.

Primogeniture. Right of eldest son to inherit. Prevented dilution of wealth of aristocracy.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Punic Wars. 264-241BC Rome gains Sicily from Carthage. Mylae. 218-201BC Rome defeats Hannibal attack, gains Spain. 149-146BC Rome destroys Carthage.

Pyramids. c2686-2160BC. Oldest of Seven Wonders.

Quant, Mary. 1934-. English fashion designer. Miniskirt.

Québecois, Parti. Political party dedicated to separating Quebec from Canada. Despite 1976 election majority, 1980 referendum rejected secession.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

Railton, William. Designed Nelson’s Column, 1839.

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