Cinematography. 1889 Edison kinetoscope. 1895 Lumière Cinematographe. 1906 Color. 1928 Talky. 1929 Technicolor.

Cohn, F. J. 1828-98. Founder of bacteriology.

Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel. 1875-1912. English composer: Hiawatha Trilogy 1898-1900.

Colet, John. 1467-1519. English theologian. Founded St. Paul’s School, 1509.

Copernicus, Nicolaus. 1473-1543. Polish astronomer, who demonstrated planetary motion around sun 1528. De Revolutionibus. Aristarchus. Galileo.

Cosmological Argument. God exists as first cause.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuvier, Georges. 1769-1832. French creator of comparative anatomy and paleontology.

Cynicism. 4C BC-6C. Greek philosophy. Antisthenes. Diogenes.

Cyril, St. c444. Patriarch of Alexandria. Deported Nestor. Lynched Hypatia. Launched pogroms against Jews. Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon.

Daguerre, Jacques. 1789-1851. French inventor of Daguerrotype photographic process 1837.

Daigo II. 1287-1339. Japanese Emperor 1318-. Failed to ovethrow Shogunate. Exiled.

Dale, Henry. 1875-1968. English physiologist. Nerve transmission process.

Dandolo, Enrico. c1108-1205. Blind Venice Doge. Captured Constantinople 1204.

D’Annunzio, Gabriele. 1863-1938. Italian nationalist writer. Siezed Fiume 1919. Revived Roman salute.

Daphnis. Greek mythological shepherd, inventor of bucolic poetry.

Davies, William. 1871-1940. Welsh peripatetic poet. Autobiography of a Super-Tramp 1907.

Davis, William. 1850-1934. US geologist. Effect of erosion.

Decalogue. Ten Commandments.

Deductive Reasoning. Aristotelian. Derivation of universal truths from prior certainties. Syllogisms.

Delhi. 1192 Moslems build. 1638 Mogul capital. 1739 Persians sack, take Peacock Throne. 1803 Britain.

Delisle, Guillaume. 1675-1726. French “Father of Cartography”. Early accurate maps.

Demagogue. In Greece, leader popular with masses. Now, a politician who plays on popular passions for personal gain.

Deogaon, Treaty. 1803. Marathans cedes land, power to British East India Co.

Descartes, René. 1596-1650. French Rationalist philosopher, physician, mathematician. Cartesian coordinates. Discourse on Method 1637. “Cogito ergo sum”-I think, therefore I am. Analytical Geometry 1636. Meditations 1641. Principia Philosophica 1645.

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