Nureyev, Rudolph. 1938-93. Russian ballet dancer. Defected 1961.

O’Neill, Eugene. 1888-1953. US playwright: Iceman Cometh 1946. Long Day’s Journey into Night 1956.

Ortega y Gasset, José. 1883-1955. Spanish philosopher: Terra de Nuestra Tiempo 1923. Revolt of the Masses 1929.

Oxford, Provisions of. 1258-66. Reforms barons forced on Henry III. Annulled, modified. Led to Provisions of Westminster, Barons War.

Palaemon. Greek god of ships = Portunus.

Palamedes. Mythical Greek hero. Invented numbers, alphabet, coins.

Pan. Greek god of fertility and nature. Inventor of shepherd’s flute. Half man half goat. =Faunus.

Pan-American Conferences. 1826- US, South American states. Pan-American Union, OAS.

Pan-American Union. 1890-1948. Commercial, cultural exchanges.

Parthenon. 447-431BC. Marble Doric temple of Athena built by Phidias and Ictinus under Pericles on Athens Acropolis. Damaged by Venetians attacking Turks 1687.

Passy, Frédéric. 1822-1912. French founder of International League for Permanent Peace 1867. First

Pasternak, Boris. 1890-1960. Russian writer. Dr. Zhivago 1957. (forced to decline).

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Pauling, Linus. 1901-94. US biochemist/peace advocate. Chemical bonding.

Pavlov, Ivan. 1849-1936. Russian physiologist: discovered conditioned response.

Pearson, Lester. 1897-1972. Canadian Prime Minister 1963-8. UN mediator in Palestine 1948, Suez 1956.

Philopappus. Syrian prince. Roman consul. Monument faces on Acropolis.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Planck, Max. 1858-1947. German physicist. Defined energy quantum 1900.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Plotinus. 205-270. Greek philosopher. His Neoplatonism influenced Islam, Christianity. Quest for Good through intelligence. “Creation is fall from God. Evil is the nature of man. Good is freedom from senses.”

Polish Uprising. 1863. January Insurrection.

Pont Notre-Dame. Originally the Great Bridge in Roman Paris. Rebuilt in 1413 by Normans. First numbered houses in Paris.

Popol Vuh. 16C manuscript on Mayan culture.

Poznán Riots. 1956. Polish workers strike for bread and freedom. 53 killed by Russian troops. Led to new regime, Hungarian Uprising.

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