Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Hydrogen Bomb. Thermonuclear or H-Bomb. 1952 US. 1953 USSR. 1957 Britain. 1968 France. 1971 China. 1974 India. ? Israel. Atomic Bomb.

Ictinus. 5C BC. Greek artist/architect. Parthenon.

Independence Day. Annual US holiday since July 4, 1776. Declaration of Independence.

Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

Inönü, Ismet. 1884-1974. Turkish military leader, Prime Minister 1923-37, 1961-5. President 1938-50.

International Labour Organization. ILO. 1919- Agency of League of Nations, United Nations.

Interregnum, Great. 1254-73. HRE without ruler between Hohenstaufen and Hapsburg dynasties.

Ipsus, Battle. 301BC. Antigonus’ defeat marks end of Alexander’s Empire.

Ireland, William. 1777-1835. English forger of Shakespeare manuscripts 1796.

Jagirdar System. 13C-. Indian feudal system granting tax revenues to officials.

Janácek, Leos. 1854-1928. Czech folk-influenced opera composer. Jenufa 1904.

Jansen, Cornelis. 1585-1638. Dutch theologian whose theses created Jansenism. Augustinus 1640.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.

Jodl, Alfred. 1890-1946. German general. Signed capitulation at Reims. Condemned at Nuremberg.

Joliot-Curie, Frédéric. 1900-58, and Irène. 1897-1956. Discovered Uranium fission 1934. Artificial radioactive substances.

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heicke. 1853-1926. Liquified helium 1908. Superconductivity 1911.

Kanem-Bornu. 9-19C. Chad Empire.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Keitel, Wilhelm. 1882-1946. German marshal who signed capitulation 1945. Executed at Nuremberg.

Kellogg, Frank. 1856-1937. US Secretary of State 1925-9. Kellogg-Briand Pact.

Kennedy, John. 1917-63. US President 1961-. -“New Frontier”. Peace Corps. Apollo Program. Cuban Missile Crisis. Assassinated by Oswald. Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty.

Khrushchev, Nikita. 1894-1971. Soviet leader 1953-64. Berlin Wall 1961. Hungarian Uprising 1956. Malenkov.

Khwarizimi, Al-. c780-850. Persian discoverer of algebra c810. Introduced Arabic numerals.

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