Deism. Theory that God’s existence can be proven by reason, not just known by revelation (Theism). Rousseau. Voltaire. Jefferson.

Downs, Battle. 1639. Dutch def Spain = end of Spain’s sea power.

Dulles, John. 1888-1959. US Secretary of State 1953-. Promoted SEATO, nuclear buildup, Eisenhower Doctrine.

Edison, Thomas. 1847-1931. US inventor: imp telephone 1877, phonograph 1877, lightbulb 1878, movies, cast concrete 1907. Menlo Park, first industrial research laboratory.

Empedocles. c500-430BC. Greek philosopher. Heart is seat of life. Matter is fire, air, earth, water.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

French Community. 1958-. France + Overseas departments + former territories.

French Polynesia. c3C Polynesians settle. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1595 Spanish discover Marquesas. 1767 British discover Tahiti. 1880/81 French colony. 1946 French Overseas Territory.

French Union. 1946-58. France + Protectorates + overseas Territories. French Community.

Galatea. Sea nymph. Lover of Acis.

Genghis Khan. c1160-1227. Founder of the Mongol Empire. Black Sea to Pacific.

George I. 1660-1727. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1714-. First Hanover. Utrecht Peace. South Sea Bubble.

Hanseatic League. 1241-1669. Confederation of N German towns. Dominated N European trade 13-15C.

Haydn, Joseph. 1732-1809. Austrian Classical composer. Father of modern symphony and string quartet. Solomon Symphony 1791-5. English Symphony 1794. Seasons 1801.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Hippocrates. 460-370BC. Greek physician. Separated medicine from superstition. Established medical schools. “Diseases due to natural causes”.

Homer, Winslow. 1836-1910. US Realist seascape painter.

Hoover, Herbert. 1874-1964. US President 1929-33. Hoover Dam. St. Lawrence Seaway. Opposed direct federal aid to unemployed during Depression.

Horae. Greek goddesses of seasons.

Java Sea, Battle. 1942. Japanese naval victory over Allies.

Jenkins’ Ear, War. 1739-43. England vs Spain over restrictions of trade with Spanish colonies...War of Austrian Succession. Spanish cut ear, 1731.

Kircher, Athanasius. 1602-80. German scientist. Disease caused by microbes. Magic Lantern.

Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty. 1774. Ottomans restore Black Sea ports to Russia. Independent Crimea.

Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of. c1277-1322. English. Led barons vs Edward II. Beheaded.

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