Hanseatic League. 1241-1669. Confederation of N German towns. Dominated N European trade 13-15C.

Harnack, Adolf von. 1851-1930. German theological historian. History of Dogma 1886-9.

Hauptman, Gerhart. 1862-1946. Polish/German poet and writer. The Weavers 1892.

Haushofer, Karl. 1869-1946. German adviser to Hitler.

Hebbel, Friedrich. 1813-63. German psychological poet, playwright. Nibelungen 1862.

Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Heidegger, Martin. 1889-1976. German Existentialist philosopher. Being and Time 1927.

Heine, Heinrich. 1797-1856. German lyric satirical Socialist poet. Young Germany. Lorelei. Atta Troll 1843-5.

Heinkel, Ernst. 1888-1958. German. First turbojet aircraft.

Heisenberg, Werner. 1901-76. German quantum physicist: Uncertainty Principle 1927.

Helgoland Bight, Battle. 1914. British defeat Germans in first WWI naval battle.

Helmholtz, Hermann. 1821-94. German physicist. Conservation of Energy.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Herder, Johann von. 1744-1803. German Sturm and Drang Nationalist writer. Stimulated Romanticism.

Herschel, William. 1738-1822. German/English astronomer, discovered Uranus 1781.

Hertz, Heinrich. 1857-94. German physicist: electromagnetic waves.

Hess. Rudolph. 1894-1987. German Nazi leader. Flew to Scotland, 1941. Sentenced to life at Nuremberg.

Hesse, Hermann. 1877-1962. German/Swiss writer of psychological, mystical. Siddharta 1922. Steppenwolf 1927. Magister Ludi 1943.

Hessians. German mercenaries fighting for Britain in American Revolution.

Heuss, Theodor. 1884-1963. First President of German Federal Republic, 1949-59.

Hilbert, David. 1862-1943. German number theorist. Hilbert Space.

Himmler, Heinrich. 1900-45. German Gestapo and SS head. Concentration camps. Suicide after Allied capture.

Hindemith, Paul. 1895-1963. German Gebrauchmusik movement composer. Music as social expression.

Hindenburg. German zeppelin, explodes 1937 in New Jersey, kills 36.

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