Elizabeth. 1709-62. Empress of Russia, 1741-. Eliminated German influence. Coup vs Ivan VI.

Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

Entente Cordiale. 1904. Anglo-French agreement. Defined spheres of influence in Africa and Pacific allowing co-operation vs Germany.

Erfurt Parliament. 1850. Austrian opposition causes withdrawal of Prussian plan for German Unification.

Erhard, Ludwig. 1897-1977. West German Economic Minister 1948-63. Chancellor 1963-6. Architect of economic recovery.

Ernst, Max. 1891-1976. German Dada artist.

Erzberger, Matthias. 1875-1921. German statesman. Led signing of 1918 Armistice.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Eulenspiegel, Till. -1350. German peasant prankster.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Expressionism. 1920-24. German drama style showing writers’ feelings. Author/hero.

Fahrenheit, Gabriel. 1686-1736. German physicist, inventor of temperature scale 1712. Alcohol thermometer 1709. Mercury thermometer 1714.

Falklands, Battle. 1914. British destroy German fleet.

Faust(us). c1540 German necromancer/astrologer who is said to have sold his soul to the devil. Goethe, Marlowe tragedies.

Feuerbach, Ludwig. 1804-72. German philosopher. God is illusion. Immortality of man is only through works and offspring. Thoughts on Death 1830.

Fichte, Johann. 1762-1814. German Nationalist Idealist philosopher. Influenced Totalitarianism. Addresses to the German Nation 1807-8.

Finnish War of Independence. 1918. Anti-communists defeat Bolsheviks with German aid.

Fokker, Anthony. 1890-1939. Dutch/German/ US aircraft engineer for Germany, WWI. Remote control plane, 1919.

Fortunatus. Hero with inexhaustible purse in 15C German lit.

Fouqué, Friedrich. 1777-1843. German Romantic writer. Undine 1811.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

France, Battle. June 5-16, 1940. Germany takes France.

Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1. Unified Germany dominated by Prussia, wins Alsace-Lorraine. Commune. Ems Dispatch.

Franconia. 843-. Nucleus of E Frankish kingdom. Duke = First elected German king Conrad I.

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