Adenauer, Konrad. 1876-1967. First chancellor of German Federal Republic., 1949-63. Stabilized postwar Germany.

Admiral Graf Spee. -1939. German battleship def by British, scuttled at Montevideo.

Agadir Crisis. 1911. French/German crisis by German manoevres off Morocco.

Agricola, Johann. 1494-1566. German Protestant reformer and Antinomianist.

Alamein, El, Battles of. 1942. Montgomery defeats Rommel, saving Egypt from Germans.

Alboin. -572. Germanic Lombard King. Allied Germanic tribes and conquered N Italy.

Alemanni. 3-6C. Confederation of Germanic tribes in Swabia defeated by Clovis, 496.

Alsace-Lorraine. Iron rich region along Rhine. 1C BC Rome. 5C Alemanni. 496 Franks. 870 German. 1648(A)/1766(L) French 1871 Prussia. 1919 France 1940 Germany. 1945 France.

Altdorfer, Albrecht. c1480-1538. German founder landscape painting.

Althusius, Johannes. 1557-1638. German jurist. “Father of Federalism”.

Alto Adige. German speaking Tyrol area of Italy 1919-. Granted semi-independence, 1971.

Angles. Germanic tribe that invaded Britain in 6C. Jutes. Saxons.

Anglo-Saxons. Group of Germanic tribes that invaded Britain in 5C. Ruled to 1066. Angles. Heptarchy.

Anglo-Soviet Agreement. 1941. 20 year pledge against Nazi Germany and Axis powers.

Anschluss. Austrian “reunification” with Germany, 1938 by plebiscite-99.75% for.

Anti-Comintern Pact. 1936. Germany and Japan oppose International Communism. Axis.

Anti-Socialist Law. 1878-90. Germans ban unions.

Antonescu, Ion. 1882-1946. Pro-German Romanian dictator, 1938-44.

Arminius. 18BC-19 AD. German chief who defeated Varus 9 AD.

Arnim, Bettina von. 1785-1859. German Romantic writer. Goethe’s Correspondence with a Child 1835.

Astor, John. 1763-1848. German/US fur magnate.

Atlantic, Battle. 1939-45. Unsuccessful German attempt to blockade Britain, WWII.

Auschwitz. 1940-45. German death camp in Poland. 1-4 million killed. Final Solution.

Austria. 400BC Celts. 15BC Rome. 5-7C Huns, Avars ravage. 6C Slovenes settle 8C Charlemagne. 9C Magyar. 955 Otto I...962 HRE. 976 Babenberg(E). 1278 Hapsburg. 1453 Archduchy. 1804 Austrian Empire. 1867 Ausgleich. 1918 Republic. 1938 Germany. 1945 Republic. 1955 Independence from Allies.

Austro-Prussian War. 1866. Austria excluded from German Confederation. Austrian influence in Italy ended. Dual Monarchy.

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