Haydn, Joseph. 1732-1809. Austrian Classical composer. Father of modern symphony and string quartet. Solomon Symphony 1791-5. English Symphony 1794. Seasons 1801.

Hoban, James. 1762-1831. US architect. White House 1792.

Hobson, John. 1858-1940. British pre-Keynesian economist. Imperialism 1902.

Houdon, Jean. 1741-1828. French portrait sculptor. Diderot 1771. Diana 1777.

Hutton, James. 1726-97. Scot. geologist. Uniformitarianism 1785. Defined eras 1788.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Irian Jaya. (Netherlands New Guinea). 1963 «Indonesia.

John. Lackland. 1167-1216. King of England 1199-. Lost Normandy. Forced to sign Magna Carta 1215. Excommunicated 1209. Lost Anjou.

Johnson, James. 1871-1938. US poet, diplomat. Secretary of NAACP. God’s Trombones 1927.

Jourdan, Jean. 1762-1833. French Revolutionary marshal. Introduced conscription 1798. Victor at Fleurus.

Jowett, Benjamin. 1817-93. English scholar. Translated Dialogues of Plato 1871.

Kamenev, Lev. 1883-1936. Russian Bolshevik leader in Triumvirate with Stalin, Zinoviev, 1922-. Executed in Purge.

Kern, Jerome. 1885-1945. US composer. Show Boat 1927.

Latrobe, Benjamin. 1764-1820. US Greek Revival architect. Rebuilt Capitol 1814.

Lee, Robert E. 1807-70. Brilliant Confederate general. Captured John Brown. Surrender at Appomatox ended Civil War.

Leningrad Affair. 1948. Purge of Zhdanov associates by Stalin.

London, Jack. 1876-1916. US adventure author. Call of the Wild 1903.

Louis XI. 1423-83. French King 1461-. Acquired Burgundy, Anjou. Postal service 1477. Arras Treaty.

Louis XIV. Sun King. 1638-1715. French King 1643-. Mazarin regent to 1661. Absolute reign signalled a flourishing of the arts. Built Versailles. Revoked Edict of Nantes. -“L’état c’est moi.”

Mabillon, Jean. 1632-1707. French Benedictine scholar. Science of diplomatics. De re diplomatica 1681.

Madison, James. 1751-1836. US President. 1809-17. “Father of US Constitution.”

Margaret of Anjou. 1430-82. Q consort to Henry VI. Led Lancastrians in War of Roses.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Milton, John. 1608-74. English epic poet. Comus 1638. Lycidas 1638. Paradise Lost 1667. Paradise Regained 1671.

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