Snellman, Johan. 1806-81. Finnish nationalist. Established national language.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Steen, Jan. 1626-79. Dutch painter. Humourous, everyday scenes. Christening Feast 1664.

Tallien, Jean. 1767-1820. French Jacobin. Led Rebellion of 9 Thermidor.

Tariff Reform League. 1903-6. Chamberlain presses for Imperial Preference.

Thomson, Joseph. 1856-1940. English discoverer that cathode rays are electrons 1897.

Tito, Josip Broz. 1892-1980. Yugoslav WWII Partisan leader. Led government 1945-. President 1953-, for life 1974-. Defied Stalin 1948.

Tolkien, JRR. 1892-1973. English philologist, fantasy novelist. Lord of the Rings 1954.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

Union Jack. 1606. English St. George (red cross) + Scottish St. Andrew (white diagonal). 1801 + Irish St. Patrick (red diagonal).

Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.

Vanderlyn, John. 1775-1852. US Neoclassical artist. Ariadne 1812.

Watson, James. 1928-. US discoverer of DNA structure 1953 with Crick.

Watson, John. 1878-1958. Founded Behaviourism 1914. Separated psychology from philosophy.

West, Benjamin. 1738-1820. US/English historical painter. Death of General Wolfe 1771.

White House. 1792 US president’s Neoclassical residence by Hoban. Burned by British, 1814.

Winckelmann, Johann. 1717-68. German archeologist, art historian. History of Art of Antiquity 1764. Modern archeology.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Yezhovshchina. 1936-8. Stalin’s Purge led by NKVD chief Yezhovshchina.

York. Branch of the Anjou-Plantegenet family, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III. War of Roses.

Zinoviev, Grigori. 1883-1936. Russian triumvir with Stalin, Kamenev 1919-26. Executed in Purge. COMINTERN chairman 1919-.