Novotny, Antonin. 1904-75. Stalinist Czech leader 1953-68. Deposed.

October Revolution. 1917. Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotsky overthrow Kerensky’s Socialist provisional government in Russian Revolution.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Oxford University. 1115. Celebrated center of English learning. Charter 1214. Modelled on University of Paris.

Paganini, Niccolo. 1782-1840. Italian violinist, composer. Revolutionized harmonics use. Capricci 1801-7.

Peloponnesian War, Second. 431-404BC. Sparta defeats Athens, beginning Greek decline.

Peninsular Campaign. 1862. Failed Union attempt to take Richmond in American Civil War.

Peninsular War. 1808-14. British, Spanish, Portuguese under Wellington defeat French in Iberian Peninsula.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

Pinzon, Vicente. c1460-1523. Discovered Amazon 1500. Commanded Columbus’ Nina 1492,3.

Platt Amendment. 1901. US law/agreement governing relations with Cuba. Cuba broke agreement 1934.

Politburo. 1917~. Soviet governing body, arm of Communist Party. Abolished by Stalin 1952-66.

Portsmouth, Treaty. 1905. Russia recognizes Japan in Korea, returning Manchuria to China.

Poynings Laws. 1494. Irish Parliament Acts put English Laws in effect.

Pythagoras. c582-500BC. Greek philosopher: numbers are key to understanding the universe. Founded first school of higher learning at Crotona, Italy.

Qaeda, al-. 1989 Founded by Arabs in Afghanistan. 1990 Sudan. 1996 Afghan training camps. 2001 World Trade Center. Osama bin Laden.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Rockwell, Norman. 1894-1978. US realistic painter of homey scenes. Saturday Evening Post covers.

Runnymede. Site of 1215 signing of Magna Carta.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

San Francisco, Conference. 1945. Signing of United Nations charter.

Saratoga, Battle. 1777. American victory, turning point in American Revolution.

Scopes Trial. 1925. Scopes found guilty of teaching evolution in Tennessee high school. Bryan. Darrow.

Scott, Robert. 1868-1912. English Antarctic explorer. Died returning from the South Pole.

Ségurane, Catherine. Saved Nice by frightening away invading Turks, 1543.

34 more results ...