Pluto. Greek underworld king = Hades = Orcus = Pater Dis. Planet discovered by Tombaugh, 1930. Disney dog named after planet, 1931.

Post, Wiley. 1899-1935. US aviator. First solo flight around world 1933.

Pyramids. c2686-2160BC. Oldest of Seven Wonders.

Qaeda, al-. 1989 Founded by Arabs in Afghanistan. 1990 Sudan. 1996 Afghan training camps. 2001 World Trade Center. Osama bin Laden.

Reed, John. 1887-1920. US communist writer. Ten Days that Shook the World 1919.

R101. 1930. British airship, world’s largest, crashed in France.

Saivo. Lapp underworld.

Sarapis. Greco-Egyptian god. Originally of underworld, later of sun.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Secularism. Humanism. Movement toward “this-worldliness”.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Shot Heard Around the World. 1775. Battle of Lexington and Concord beginning American Revolution.

Siqueiros, David. 1896-1974. Mexican socialist mural painter. Third World. March of Humanity.

Spiritualists, Greater World. 1931. Christian sect communicating with the dead.

St Peter’s. 1506-1615. Vatican Basilica. World’s largest. Tomb of St Peter. Bramante. Michelangelo. Raphael. Model for many government buildings.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Synge, John. 1871-1909. Irish poet, dramatist. Riders to the Sea 1904. Playboy of the Western World 1907.

Tabari, At. 839-923. Arab. Wrote world history to 915. Annals of Apostles and Kings.

Thalidomide. 1958-62. German/British sedative with disastrous effects on embryo development. Led to drug regulatory agencies worldwide.

Tokugawa. 1603-1868. Japanese Shogun dynasty. =Edo Period. Isolationist. Genroku arts of “floating world”.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

United Nations. UN. 1945. Charter signed by 50 nations at San Francisco. To safeguard world peace and protect human rights. Most countries members now. 15 agencies for education, relief. Trusteeship .

Vatican. 1146 Palace begun. 1377 Principal Papal residence. 11,000 rooms; world’s largest residence. 1929 Sovereign. Lateran Treaty.

Velikovsky, Immanuel. 1895-1979. Russian/US writer of controversial scientific theories. Worlds in Collision 1950.

Verne, Jules. 1828-1905. French Science Fiction fantasy writer. Voyage to the Centre of the Earth 864. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea 1870. Round the World in 80 Days 1873.

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