Balakirev, Mili. 1837-1910. Russian composer. Influenced 19C Russian music. Overture on Russian Themes 1897.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Benten. Japanese god of reasoning. Patron of literature, music, femininity.

Bruckner, Anton. 1824-96. Austrian Classical Romantic composer of symphonies, masses. Romantic Symphony 1874.

Burgundian. Dominant European musical school in 15C. Dufay.

Caccini, Giulio. 1550-1618. Italian composer. Monodic music, early operas.

Cage, John. 1912-92. Father of US avant-garde musical movement. Experiments with randomness and new sounds.

Carrillo, Julian. 1875-1965. Mexican composer of microtonic music.

Cavaliere, Emilio del. c1550-1602. Added arias and choral movements to cantatas. Early dramatic music.

Cecilia, St. 2-3C. Patron saint of music.

Cherubini, Luigi. 1760-1842. Italian/French composer. Classical form; French opera.

Classical Music. ~1750-1820. Development of sonata, symphony, string quartet. Mozart. Beethoven. Haydn.

Expressionism. 20C Music style of intense emotion, conflict, distortion. Mahler. Strauss.

Falla, Manuel de. 1876-1946. Spanish composer influenced by folk music, Debussy. Nights in the Garden of Spain 1916.

Flemish. School of Music. 1450-1550. Vocal contrapuntal ideal of a capella.

Franco de Colonia. 13C. Systemized musical notation.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Gluck, Christoph. 1714-87. Bohemian composer: Orpheus 1762. Developed opera as drama with music.

Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Guido d’Arezzo. c990-1050. Italian Benedictine monk. Invented musical staff.

Handel, George Frideric. 1685-1759. German/ English composer of oratorio, Italian opera. Peak of polyphonic music. Water Music 1717. Messiah 1741. Music for Royal Fireworks 1749.

Haydn, Joseph. 1732-1809. Austrian Classical composer. Father of modern symphony and string quartet. Solomon Symphony 1791-5. English Symphony 1794. Seasons 1801.

Hindemith, Paul. 1895-1963. German Gebrauchmusik movement composer. Music as social expression.

Howells, Herbert. 1892-1983. British church music composer.

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