Laos. 14C Buddhist Lan Xang. 18C Vientiane(C)/ Luang Prabang(N)/ Champassak(S). 19C Siam. 1893 French protectorate. 1942 Japanese occupy. 1946 French. 1953 Independent...civil wars. 1975 Lao People’s Democratic Republic. 1991 New Constitution and freedoms.

Latin Wars. 340-338BC. Rome conquers Latium.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Louis XII. Father of the People. 1462-1515. French King 1498-. Italian Wars.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

Madrid, Treaty. 1526. Charles V, Francis I truce in Italian Wars. 1670. Spain cedes Jamaica to Britain.

Maori Wars. 1843-7. 1863-4. 1869-70. NZ settlers displace native Maori.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Mithradatic Wars. 88~63BC. Mithradates defeated. Romans annex Pontus.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

Mornay, Philippe de. 1549-1623. French Huguenot leader in Wars of Religion, 1562-98. Reconciled Henry III, Henry of Navarre.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Mysore Wars. 1767~99 Moslems vs British in India.

Nanking Peace. 1842. Opium War. Britain gains Hong Kong. Trade opened.

Nepal. Newars, Mongolians. 1769 Gurkhas unite. 1845 Rana dynasty.

Nijmegen, Treaties. 1678-9. Ended Dutch Wars.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Opium Wars. 1839-42 Hong Kong ceded to Britain. 1856-60. French, British force China to open trade, legalize opium. Demonstrated European weapon superiority. Nanking Treaty.

Orléans, Philippe II, duc d’. 1674-1723. French soldier Wars of Grand Alliance, Spanish Succession. Regent for Louis XV.

Osceola. c1804-38. Seminole leader. Arrested at truce talks.

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