Suttner, Baroness von. 1843-1914. Austrian pacifist writer. Lay Down your Arms 1889.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Sverdrup, Johan. 1816-92. Norwegian reformer, Prime Minister 1884-9. Trial by jury.

Sverre. -1202. Norwegian king 1184-. Limited church power.

Svevo, Italo. 1861-1928. Italian psychological novelist. Confessions of Zeno 1923.

Sviatoslav. 920-72. Varangian Duke of Kiev 945-. Expansion creates empire.

Svinhufved, Piehr. 1861-1944. First Prime Minister of independent. Finland 1917-18,30-31, President. 31-7. Suppressed communists.

Swabia. Celt. 1C Suevi. 3C +Alemanni =Swabians. c500 Franks. 1079 Hohenstaufen dynasty. 1286 Divided. 1488-1534 Swabian League.

Swabian League, Great. 1488-1534. 22 cities, nobles and local leagues in southern Germany form protective alliance.

Swahili. Bantu people and language of Central Africa.

SWAPO. Southwest African People’s Organization for Namibian independence. 1960 Founded by Nujoma, Toiva vs South African hegemony. 1971 UN recognition.

Swaziland.16C Bantu...19C Swazi. 1881 Independence guaranteed. 1894 South African protectorate. 1902 British protectorate. 1968 Independent kingdom.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Swedenborg, Emanuel. 1688-1772. Swedish scientist, philosopher. Apocalypse Revealed 1743-4. Claimed to have been to hell and heaven. Followers founded Church of New Jerusalem 1788.

Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Sweelinck, Jan. 1562-1621. Dutch organ composer.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Swift, Jonathon. 1667-1745. Anglo-Irish satirist writer. Gulliver’s Travels 1726.

Swinburne, Algernon. 1837-1909. English poet. Song of Italy.

Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.

Swiss War. 1712. Protestant cantons establish dominance over Catholic.

Swithin, St. c800-862. Rain fell when his body was moved, July 15, 971. (St. Swithin’s Day).

Switzerland. Celts (Helvetii). 58BC Rome. 5C Alemanni, Burgundians. 6C Frank. 962 HRE. 1291 3 Cantons unite vs Hapsburgs. 1515- Neutral. 1648 Indepence recognized. 1815 Neutrality recogognized.

Sybaris. 720-510BC. Wealthy decadent Greek city in Italy. Rebuilt twice.

Sydenham, Thomas. 1624-89. English doctor. Popularized quinine vs malaria, iron for anemia. Described scarlet fever.

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