Spencer, Herbert. 1820-1903. English evolutionist philosopher. “Survival of the fittest.” Associationism. Anti-socialism, “Best government is the least government.” The Synthetic Philosophy 1860-96. Liberal Utilitarianism.

Spener, Philipp. 1635-1705. German founder of Pietism.

Spengler, Oswald. 1880-1936. German historian of cultural cycles: Decline of the West 1918-22.

Spenser, Edmund. 1552-99. English poet: Faerie Queen 1590. “The poet’s poet”.

Speranski, Mikhail. 1772-1839. Russian adviser of Czar Alexander I. Reform advocate, law code compiler.

Sperry, Elmer. 1860-1930. US inventor of gyrocompass, improved dynamo, arc lamp.

Speusippus. -339BC. Led Athens Academy after Plato. First Encyclopedia.

Speyer, Diet. 1526,1529. Luther’s protest against the church’s intolerance of Reformers.

Sphynx. Greek mythical creature with lion’s body, human head. Killed who could not solve riddle. Earliest known 2550BC.

Spinoza, Baruch. 1632-77. Dutch Rationalist philosopher. Criticized scriptures. Excommunicated by Jews. God and nature are one. Determinist. Pantheist. God and Nature 1659. Ethics 1665.

Spirit of St. Louis. 1927. Lindbergh’s plane for solo Atlantic flight.

Spiritualists, Greater World. 1931. Christian sect communicating with the dead.

Splendid Isolation. 1895-1902. Salisbury foreign policy. British naval strength required no ally.

Spode, Josiah. 1754-1829. British discoverer of bone china 1794.

Spoils System. 19C US political patronage.

SPQR Senatus Populusque Romanus. = The Senate and People of Rome.

Sprengel, Christian. 1750-1816. Plant fertilization.

Sprengtporten, G.M. 1740-1819. Finnish colonel. Finland to join Russian Empire.

Spurs, Battle. 1513. French retreat from British in War of Holy League.

Sputnik. 1957. Russia launches first artificial satellite.

Spyri, Johanna. 1829-1901. Swiss writer. Heidi 1881.

Squanto. -1622. American Indian friend of Plymouth Pilgrims.

Sri Lanka. (Ceylon). Veddah. 5C BC Sinhalese from northern India settle. 1100 Tamil(N)/ Sinh(S). 1505 Portugal. 1656 Netherlands. 1796 British. 1948 Independent. 1972 = Sri Lanka.

SS. 1928-1945. Nazi police reporting directly to Hitler. Blackshirts. Gestapo. Himmler. SA.

Ssu-ma Ch’ien. 145-85BC. First great Chinese historian.

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