Pont-Aven. 1886-88. School of Synthesism led by Gauguin.

Pont d’Avignon. 12C-1680. Built after divine command to shepherd, St Bénézet.

Pont de la Concorde. Paris. Built 1787-91 from stones of Bastille so people could forever trample ruins.

Pont Neuf. 1578-1607. Oldest surviving Paris bridge.

Pont Notre-Dame. Originally the Great Bridge in Roman Paris. Rebuilt in 1413 by Normans. First numbered houses in Paris.

Ponte Vecchio. 1345. Florence. First segmented arch bridge in West.

Pontiac. c1720-69. American Indian chief. Led revolt vs British 1763-6.

Pontus. 3C-66BC. Asia Minor kingdom conquered by Rome.

Pony Express. 1860-61. Missouri-California mail delivery. Cody.

Poole, William. 1821-94. US. First library periodical index.

Poor Law Commission. 1842. Chadwick recommends municipal clean water supply and sewage systems to prevent disease.

Pop Art. 1950-. Movement drawing from popular culture. Warhol. Lichtenstein.

Pope. Head of Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Rome. Considered the infallible vicar of Christ.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Popish Plot. 1678. Oates’ fictitious allegations of conspiracy led to persecution of Catholics.

Popol Vuh. 16C manuscript on Mayan culture.

Popov, Aleksandr. 1859-1905. Russian physicist: radio antenna.

Poppaea Sabina. -65. Second wife, kicked to death by Nero.

Popper, Karl. 1902-94. Austrian/British philosopher. Objective knowledge. All knowledge grows from conjecture and refutation. Social advance made one step at a time.

Popular Fronts. 1930s. Political coalitions of opposing parties vs Fascists in France, Spain.

Popular Sovereignty. 1850s. US territories could join Union as free or slave states. Bleeding Kansas.

Populism. 1870-1902. Russian socialist revolutionaries. Narodniki.

Populist Movement. 1890s. US agrarian reform coalition.

Porphyry. c233-305. Greek Neoplatonic philosopher. Adversus Christianos burned. Tree of Porphyry.

Port Arthur. Chinese port. 1894 Japan. 1895 China (Shimonoseki Treaty). 1898 Russia. 1904 Japan. 1945 USSR/China. 1955 China.

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