Monopolies. 1597- Granted by English crown. Abolished by Parliament 1624, 39.

Monotheism. Religious doctrine holding that there is only one God.

Monothelitism. 622-713. Christian heresy. Jesus had human and divine natures but only divine will. Monophysitism.

Monroe, James. 1758-1831. US President 1817-25. Florida acquired 1819. Missouri Compromise. Monroe Doctrine.

Monroe Doctrine. 1823. No interference by Europe in Western Hemisphere. No US interference in Europe.

Mons, Battle. WWI. 1914. Germans defeat British.

Montagnards. 1792-5. French revolutionary extremists led by Robespierre. Terror. Plain.

Montagu-Chelmsford Report. 1919. Basis of India Act.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montanism. 156-9C. Montanus’ ascetic Christian movement of illuminati expecting the Millenium.

Montcalm, Louis. 1712-59. French general killed defending Quebec against the English. Seven Years War.

Monte di Pietà. 1463. Italian institute to lend money to poor at low interest.

Montecassino. 529. Oldest Benedictine Monastery.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Montespan, Mme de. 1641-1707. Mistress of Louis XIV, 1667-80. Poisons Affair.

Montesquieu, Charles. 1689-1755. French political philosopher. De l’esprit de lois 1748. Idea of separate executive/legislative branches of government adopted in US, France.

Montessori, Maria. 1870-1952. Italian educator. System based on spontaneity and self motivation 1907.

Monteverdi, Claudio. 1567-1643. Italian composer. First opera: Orfeo 1607. L’Arianna 1608. Madrigals 1583.

Montez, Lola. 1818-61. Irish dancer. Mistress of Louis I of Bavaria. Power resented, leading to March Revolution 1848. Banished.

Montezuma II. 1466-1520. Aztec Emperor of Mexico 1502-. Captured by Cortez.

Montfort, Simon de. c1165-1218. French leader of crusade against Albigenses. Conquered south France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

Montgolfier, Joseph. 1740-1810. Jacques, 1745-99. Brothers. First hot air balloon 1783.

Montgomery, Bernard. 1887-1976. British Field Marshal. Commanded Allies in France, 1944. Defeated Rommel at El Alamein 1942.

3617 more results ...