Magnus I. The Good. 1024-47. King of Norway 1035-, Denmark 1042-, uniting them. Failed in claim to England.

Magnus VI. 1238-80. Norwegian king 1263-. Law system.

Magritte, René. 1898-1967. Belgian Surrealist painter. Ceci n’est pas un pipe 1948. Castle of the Pyrenees 1962.

Magyars. Finno-Urgic peoples of Asia who settled Hungary.

Mahabharata. 400BC-200 AD. Sanskrit historical and Hindu religious epic. Ramayana.

Mahan, Alfred. 1840-1914. US naval officer/historian. Influence of Sea Power on History.

Mahavira, Vardhamana. 599-527BC. Indian founder of Jainism: -“All life is sacred”.

Mahayana. 1C-. Liberal Buddhist doctrine of China, Japan, Korea, Tibet. Bodhisattva.

Mahdi. Shi’ite messiah who will appear at end of the world. Several claimants have appeared.

Mahler, Gustav. 1860-1911. Austrian classical Romantic symphony composer. Bridged gap between Romantics and atonalists. Resurrection Symphony 1894.

Mahmud II. 1785-1839. Ottoman sultan 1808-. Lost Greece, Syria. Destroyed Janissaries.

Maida, Battle. 1806. British defeat French in Calabria.

Mailer, Norman. 1923-2007. US writer. Naked and the Dead 1948. Executioner’s Song 1979. Harlot’s Ghost 1991.

Maillol, Aristide. 1861-1944. French sculptor of massive female nudes. La Mediterranée 1905.

Maimonides, Moses of Cordova. 1135-1204. Jewish philosopher. Mishneh Torah 1168. Guide for the Perplexed 1180.

Maine. 1898. US battleship destroyed at Havana. Excuse for Spanish American War.

Maintenon, Françoise de. 1635-1719. Mistress, then secret wife of Louis XIV. Founded St-Cyr.

Maipú, Battle. 1818. Spanish loss. Chile Independent.

Maistre, Joseph de. 1753-1821. French moralist for Christianity, Absolutism vs progress. Spanish Inquisition 1837.

Majapahit Empire. 413-15C. Hindu kingdom in Java.

Majorian. -461. W Roman Emperor 457-. Tax reform. Murdered.

Makarios III. 1913-77. Orthodox archbishop. Pro-Greek Cyprus president 1959-.

Malacca. (Melaka). 1403 Malay. 1511 Portugal. 1641 Dutch. 1795 British, «Straits Settlements. 1946 Malaya. 1963 Malaysia.

Malachy, St. 1094-1148. Irish Cistercian papal legate.

Malamud, Bernard. 1914-86. US author. Jewish themes. Fixer 1966. Natural 1952.

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