Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Henry the Navigator. 1394-1460. Portuguese prince. Sponsored African exploration. School of Navigation 1423.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Hephaestus. Greek god of fire, metalsmith. =Vulcan.

Hepplewhite, George. 1593-1633. English devotional poet.

Hepplewhite, George. -1786. English Neoclassical furniture designer.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Hepworth, Barbara. 1903-75. English abstract sculptor.

Hera. Wife of Zeus. Queen of gods. = Juno.

Heraclea. 280BC. “Pyrrhic” victory over Romans.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Heracles. Son of Zeus, noted for his twelve labours. =Hercules.

Herald. Medieval officer who conveyed messages between opposing leaders.

Herbert, Victor. 1859-1924. Irish/US operetta composer. Babes in Toyland 1903.

Herculano, Alexandre. 1810-77. Portuguese Romantic poet.

Hercules. Roman hero = Greek Heracles.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Herder, Johann von. 1744-1803. German Sturm and Drang Nationalist writer. Stimulated Romanticism.

Heredia, Jose de. 1842-1905. Cuban/French Parnassian poet.

Hermandad. 1250-1550. Castile-Aragon defensive alliance.

Hermaphroditus. Greek deity with male and female attributes.

Hermes. Greek fertility, messenger god. = Mercury.

Hermes Trismegistus. Egyptian founder of alchemy. Passed secret only to the sons of Pharaoahs.

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