Erté, Roman. 1892-1990. Russian/French Art Deco artist.

Erzberger, Matthias. 1875-1921. German statesman. Led signing of 1918 Armistice.

Esau. Son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob.

Escalade. December 12 celebration of Savoy’s unsuccessful last attack on Geneva, 1602.

Escher, M.C. 1898-1971. Dutch graphic artist. Optical illusion, surrealistic effects.

Eschine. 390-314BC. Greek orator.

Escurial. 1557. Spanish monastery near Madrid built by Philip II to commemorate St-Quentin victory.

Esma’il I. 1487-1524. Shah of Iran 1501-. Converted Iran Sunni to Shi’ah.

Essad, Pasha. 1863-1920. Albanian dictator, 1914-16.

Essex. 6C Saxon kingdom. 860 «Wessex.

Est. 1C. Tribe which settled Estonia.

Estates General. States General.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Esther. Old Testament Persian Queen. Saved Jews from extinction.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Estrées, Gabrielle d’. 1573-99. Mistress of French Henry IV.

ETA. 1970-. Basque terrorist separatist organization.

Etaples, Treaty. 1492. England renounces claim to France, except Calais.

Ethelbert. 552-616. King of Kent 560-. First Christian Anglo-Saxon king. first extant A-S law code.

Ethelred the Unready. c968-1016. King of English 978-. Unable to defend against Danish raids. Drove them out, 1015.

Ethics. Study of what is good human conduct.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

Etruscans. Asian people in Tuscany 8C BC. Taken by Rome, 4-3C BC. Skilful metal workers. Strong navy, merchant traders. Tarquins.

EU. European Union.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

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