Buckingham Palace. 1703. Rebuilt by Nash 1825. London residence of British sovereigns since 1837.

Buckle, Henry. 1821-62. English scientific historian.

Buddha. c566-486BC. Gautama, Siddhartha. Indian prince, Buddhism founder.

Buddhism. c528BC. Widely practised in Asia. Nirvana is achieved by following the 8-fold path and 4 Noble Truths. 1C BC Mahayana Sutras. 6C reaches Japan. 12C Zen Buddhism widely practiced in Japan.

Budé, Guillaume. 1467-1540. Humanist, Greek scholar. Founded Collège de France.

Buffalo Bill. (William Cody). 1846-1917. US western adventurer, showman.

Buffon, Georges. 1707-88. Naturalist, founded Botanical Gardens, Paris. 36 vol Natural History 1753.

Buffons, War of. 1752. Paris intellectuals debate Italian vs French opera. Rousseau.

Buganda.19C African kingdom. 1890s Britain. 1962 Independent under Uganda. 1966 Uganda.

Buisson, Ferdinand. 1841-1932. French educator. Founded League of Human Rights 1898.

Bukhari, al. 810-870. Arab scholar. Collected sayings of Mohammed.

Bukharin, Nikolay. 1888-1938. Russian Bolshevik. Shot in Stalin’s Purge. Rehabilitated 1988.

Bulganin, Nikolai. 1895-1975. Soviet Prime Minister 1955-8 with Khrushchev.

Bulgaria. Balkans. 7C Bulgar Empire. 1018 Byzantine. 1185 2nd Bulgar Empire. 1396 Ottoman. 1878. Independent kingdom. 1946 People’s Republic. 1991Republic.

Bulgarian Horrors. 1876. Brutal Ottoman suppression of uprising. 15,000 killed in reprisals.

Bulge, Battle. 1945. Last German offensive on the Western Front at Ardennes. WWII.

Bull. Important papal pronouncement of Church doctrine, canonizations.

Bull, John. 1562-1628. English early keyboard composer. Often credited with God Save the Queen.

Bull, John. Personification of England popularized by Arbuthnot 1712.

Bull Moose. 1912-16. Liberal Republicans for Roosevelt in first US Progressive Party.

Bull Run, Battles. 1861,2. Confederate victories.

Bülow, Bernard. 1849-1929. Prussian Prime Minister 1900-9. Bismarckian Realpolitik. Social legislation.

Bulow, Friedrich. 1755-1816. Prussian general against Napoleon.

Bulwer-Lytton. 1803-73. English novelist. Last Days of Pompeii, 1834. -“It was a dark and stormy night”.

Bundesrat. Upper house of Swiss, German, Austria Parliaments.

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