Palestrina. 1525-94. Italian composer. Pioneer of chordal music. A capella choir 1585. Improperia 1560.

Panmunjom. Site of Korean peace talks 1951-3.

Park, Mungo. 1771-1806. Scottish explorer of Niger.

Parry, Hubert. 1848-1918. Led English music revival.

Parsons, Charles. 1854-1931. English inventor of multi-stage steam turbine, 1884.

Passchendaele, Battle. 1917 Limit of British/Canadian advance WWI, Ypres. 300,000 casualties. 1918 Germans first use of mustard gas.

Pathet Lao. 1950-91. Laotian communists vs French rule in Indochina.

Patriotic Front. 1973-9. Guerillas for black power in Rhodesia. Mugabe. Nkomo.

Paul I. 1901-64. Greek king 1947-. Resisted Communism.

Peasants’ War. 1524-6. Geneva Anabaptist peasants crushed by nobles and clergy. Muntzer.

Pedrell, Felipe. 1841-1922. “Midwife” of Spanish Nationalist music.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Pepys, Samuel. 1633-1703. English diarist of 1660-9.

Perfectionism. 19C. Conversion means freedom from all sin. Noyes. Oneida.

Pergamum. 5C BC-. Attalid capital 3-2C BC of Mysia in Asia Minor.

Petit Palais. Built for 1900 World Exhibition. Paris Museum of Fine Arts.

Phenomenology. Philosophy. Analysis of phenomena without preconceptions by conscious mind. Husserl.

Phoenix Park Murders. 1882. British Secretary and Undersecretary of Ireland killed by terrorists.

Piaf, Edith. 1915-63. French music hall singer.

Pillars of Hercules. Rock of Gibraltar and Jebel Musa.

Pius VII. 1742-1823. Pope 1800-. Excommunicated Napoleon after French annexed Papal States. Imprisoned 1809-14.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Plimsoll, Samuel. 1824-98. English reformer. Defined ship loading mark.

Poe, Edgar Allan. 1809-49. US poet and horror story writer: Tales of the Grotesque 1840. Murders in the Rue Morgue 1841. The Raven 1845.

Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

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