Gabriel. Archangel. God’s messenger. Made Annunciation to Mary, and revealed Koran to Muhammad.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Gage, Thomas. 1721-87. English general, Governor of Massachussets. 1774-5. Siezed munitions at Concord, American Revolution.

Galvani, Luigi. 1737-98. Italian physiologist. Electrical stimulation of frog’s legs 1780.

German Confederation. 1815-66. 39 states allied for mutual defence. Dominated by Austria.

Ghazan, Mahmud. 1271-1304. Mongol Persian ruler 1295-. Made Islam state religion.

Gluck, Christoph. 1714-87. Bohemian composer: Orpheus 1762. Developed opera as drama with music.

Goethe, Johann. 1749-1832. German writer: Meister’s Apprenticeship 1796. Faust 1808-32. Memories 1809. Sturm und Drang.

Goldwyn, Samuel. 1882-1974. Polish/US film producer with De Mille. MGM.

Gompers, Samuel. 1850-1924. British/US founder, president, AFL 1886~.

Gottwald, Klement. 1896-1953. Czech Communist President 1948-. Overthrew Beneš in coup.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Great Leap Forward. 1958-61. Failed Chinese program for increased output by communes.

Greek Civil War. 1944-9. Communist insurrection defeated with British/US help.

Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Guevara, Che. 1928-67. Argentine revolutionary in Cuba, Bolivia. Revolution must precede communism.

Guido d’Arezzo. c990-1050. Italian Benedictine monk. Invented musical staff.

Guise, Henri, duc de. 1550-88. Partipated in St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Founded Catholic League 1576. Led revolt against Henry III. Murdered.

Hagia Sophia. 531-7. Constantinople church. 1453- Mosque. 1927- Museum. = St. Sophia.

Hahnemann, Samuel. 1755-1843. German founder of homeopathy 1810.

Halley, Edmund. 1656-1742. English astronomer who explained comets 1705. First meteorological chart 1686.

Hammurabi. -1750BC. Babylonian king 1792- who codified the law.

Handel, George Frideric. 1685-1759. German/ English composer of oratorio, Italian opera. Peak of polyphonic music. Water Music 1717. Messiah 1741. Music for Royal Fireworks 1749.

Harmony Society. Protestant celibate ascetic communal sect. Founded Harmony, PA 1806.

Harris, Joel. 1848-1908. US author: Brer Rabbit, Uncle Remus stories. Tar-Baby 1904.

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