Menander. 342-292BC. Greek comic dramatist. Dyscolus 316BC.

Menderes, Adnan. 1899-1961. Turkish Prime Minister 1950-60. Executed for dictatorship.

Mendicant Friars. 13C-. Religious orders depending on alms. Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, Carmelites.

Menno Simmons. 1496-1561. Dutch founder of Mennonites 1536.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Merchants of the Steelyards. -1598. German traders in London.

Merciless Parliament. Wonderful Parliament. 1388. Impeached 5 Richard II supporters.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Methuen Treaty. 1703-1836. Reduced duty on port wine to England, textiles to Portugal. Hindered Portuguese industrial development.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican Revolution. 1910-24. Successive leaders overthrown. 1917 New Constitution. Diaz. Zapata. Villa.

Middle Ages. 395-1492. Collapse of Rome to Columbus. Rise of Church power, modern European states. Dark Ages.

Miguel, Dom. 1802-66. Pretender to Portuguese throne 1828- causes Civil War 1831-4.

Mihajlovitch, Dragoljub. 1893-1946. Yugoslav royalist WWII leader vs Tito. Executed for collaboration with Germany; exonerated by US.

Milhaud, Darius. 1892-1974. Modern French polytone composer. Creation of the World 1923. Christopher Columbus 1930. Les Six.

Miller, William. 1782-1849. US founder of Adventists. Predicted Christ’s 2nd Coming for 1843.

Miltriades. c540-489BC. Victorious commander at Marathon.

Mistral, Frédéric. 1830-1914. French Provençale revival poet. Mirèi 1859. Félibrige 1878.

Modernism. 19C Movement to reinterpret Roman Catholicism based on science, psychology. Declared heretical, 1907. Loisy. Tyrrell.

Modernism. Early 20C literary movement. Lawrence. Eliot. Yeats.

Modernismo. 1888-. Spanish exotic poetry movement in wake of Symbolists. Darío.

Molay, Jacques de. 1243-1314. Last Grand Master of the Order of Templars. Burned.

Molinism. Doctrine of Spanish Jesuit, Molina 1535-1600. Reconciled free will and divine grace.

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