Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Yamagata Aritomo. 1838-1922. Japanese statesman. Modernized army.

Yamashita Tomoyuki. 1885-1946. Japanese commander in Philippines. Conquered Singapore, Bataan March. Executed.

Yancey, William. 1814-63. US pro-slavery secession leader. American Civil War.

Yazoo Land Fraud. 1795. Georgia sells Mississippi to 4 companies for $500K. Legislators all shareholders. Rescinded as unconstitutional 1796.

Yeats, William. 1865-1939. Irish nationalist poet/dramatist: Wild Swans 1917. Deirdre. Tower 1928. Winding Stair 1933. Modernism.

Yemen. ~10CBC Minaean, Saba’, Qataban, Himyarite Kingdoms. 1C Jews settle. 4C Christians settle. 525 Abyssinia. 575 Persia. 7C Moslem. 9C ’Alid Zaydi dynasty. 1173 Ayyubid. c1229 Rasulid. 1517 Ottoman. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). 1990 Merged with c100BC Himyarite. 1229 Rasulis. 1635 Zaydi. 1735 Divided South: 1802 British protection. 1839 British East India Company. 1937 Aden British Protectorate. 1963 Federation of South Arabia. 1967 People’s Republic of Yemen. 1735 North: 1872 Ottoman. 1920 Tribal. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic 1990 merged=Yemen.

Yeomen of the Guard. 1485 British Monarch’s bodyguard. Beef Eaters, Yeoman Warders of the Tower of London, 1669-.

Yersin, Alexander. 1863-1943. Swiss/French. Developed serum for bubonic plague.

Yorktown, Siege. 1781. British surrender to American and French forces. American Revolution.

Young, Brigham. 1801-77. US Mormon leader 1844-. Founded Salt Lake City. Utah governor 1850-7.

Ypsilanti, Alexander. 1792-1828. Greek. Led unsuccessful revolt vs Ottomans 1821.

Yü the Great. -2197BC. Legendary founder of First Chinese dynasty, Hsia.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zaghlul, Sa’d. 1857-1927. Egyptian Wafd leader for independence from Britain. Prime Minister 1924.

Zaimis, Alexander. 1855-1936. Greek Prime Minister 1897~1928. President 1929-35. Exiled 1935-.

Zakkai, Johann ben. 2C founder of Rabbinic Judaism.

Zangi. 1084-1146. Seljuk ruler. Defeated crusaders. Established Zangid dynasty in Middle East 1127-1250.

Zara, Siege. 1202. Fourth Crusaders aid Venice attack rebelling Zadar.

Zemstvo. 1864-1917. Russian provincial assemblies instituted by Alexander II. Liberal influence.

Zeno of Citium. c335-263BC. Greek founder of Stoicism. Early anarchist: “Compulsion perverts the nature of man”.

Zhivkov, Todor. 1911-98. Bulgarian leader 1954-89. Loyal to Moscow. Confrontations with Yugoslavia.

Zoë. 978-1050. Byzantine Empress 1028-. Married and murdered Romanus III. Crowned lover Michael IV and son Michael V. Married Constantine IX.

Zoroaster. Zarathustra. c628-551BC. Persian religious reformer, founder of Zoroastrianism. World is an eternal struggle between forces of good and evil.

Zuiderzee. Netherlands. 13C. Floods caused by storms. 1927-32 Dam built. 1930s Land reclaimed. 1944 Flooded by Nazis. 1946 reclaimed.