Lagrange, Louis. 1736-1813. French mathematician. Analysis of mechanical systems. Celestial mechanics.

Laplace, Pierre. 1749-1827. French mathematician, astronomer. Celestial mechanics 1779-1825. Solar system origin from condensed gas.

Linnaeus, Carolus. 1707-78. Swedish botanist. Created Latin genus/species naming convention. Systema Naturae 1735. Philosophia Botanica 1751. Classified Homo Sapiens 1766.

List, Friedrich. 1789-1846. German economist. Advocated protectionism. National System of Political Economy 1846.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

Magnus VI. 1238-80. Norwegian king 1263-. Law system.

Mann, Horace. 1796-1859. US educator. Modern public education system.

Manorial System. (Seignorial). 11-15C. Lord grants peasant rights to till land for fixed payment.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Milan, Decree. 1807. Napoleon Continental System edict.

Minamoto Yoritomo. 1147-99. Founded Shogun system that ruled Japan to 19C.

Mir. 17C-1906. Russian system of communal landholding and taxation. Serfdom abolished 1861.

Montessori, Maria. 1870-1952. Italian educator. System based on spontaneity and self motivation 1907.

Nakatomi Kamatari. 614-69. Founded Fujiwara dynasty. Tried to adapt Chinese system to Japan.

National Health Service. 1948-. British system of socialized medicine.

Norman Conquest. 1066. Brought Norman laws, customs, feudal system to England. Hastings.

Observatory, Paris. 1667-72. Claude Perrault. Dimensions of the solar system 1672, meridians of longitude. Sets Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Pendleton Civil Service Act. 1883. US creates merit based civil service system vs Spoils System.

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Poor Law Commission. 1842. Chadwick recommends municipal clean water supply and sewage systems to prevent disease.

Presbyterianism. 16C-. System of church organization sharing power between clergy and congregation. Calvin. Knox. Episcopacy. Congregationalism.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Round Table Conference. 1930-32. Established federal system, provincial autonomy in India; not implemented.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

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