Margaret. 1353-1412. Queen of Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Formed Kalmar Union 1397.

Mark, St. Apostle. 2nd Gospel author.

Markiewicz, Countess. 1876-1927. Irish Nationalist. First woman elected to British Parliament, 1918.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Monnet, Jean. 1888-1979. French economist. “Father of Common Market”.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Nordic Council. 1953-. Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 1955 +Finland. Promotes cultural unity, reciprocal rights.

Norway. 872 United by Harald Fairhair. 1130- Civil wars. 1397 Danish. 1814 Swedish. 1905 Independent. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Oakley, Annie. 1860-1926. US marksperson.

Octavia. -11BC. Octavian’s sister. Antony’s wife 40-30BC before Cleopatra.

Oldenburg. 1180 Independent. 1667 Denmark. 1773 Russia. 1777 Independent. 1834 Prussia. 1853 Zollverein. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Republic. 1945 West Germany.

Omar Khayyam. c1027-1123. Persian mathematician/ poet: Rubaiyat. Specific gravity of gold 1061.

Pentecost. 50th day after Easter. Descent of Holy Spirit on Jesus’ disciples marks beginning of Christian mission.

Philippi, Battle. 42BC. Antony and Octavian beat republicans Brutus and Cassius.

Plimsoll, Samuel. 1824-98. English reformer. Defined ship loading mark.

Rothko, Mark. 1903-70. Russian/US Abstract Expressionist painter. Large canvases of solid color. Light Earth and Blue 1954.

Russell, Frances. 1593-1641. Covent Garden market.

Sansovino, Jacopo. 1486-1570. Florentine sculptor, architect. Introduced High Renaissance to Venice. Library of St. Mark’s.

Schleswig-Holstein. S: 975 HRE. 1027 Denmark. H: 800 Saxony. 12C Schaumburg dynasty. 1386 + S. S-H: 1460 Denmark. 1848 Self-government. 1864 Prussia/Denmark. 1867 Prussia. 1920 Denmark(N)/ Germany(S)(most).

St Mark’s. (San Marco) 832. Venice. Built to house remains of St Mark. Rebuilt 1071.

Straisund, Treaty. 1370. Denmark makes commercial concessions to Hanseatic League.

Struensee, Johann. 1737-72. German physician to Danish king. Ruled Denmark 1770-. Executed for adultery with queen.

Suffrage, Women. 1893 New Zealand. 1902 Australia. 1906 Finland. 1913 Norway. 1915 Denmark. 1917 USSR. 1918 Canada. 1918/28 Britain. Reform Bills. 1920 US. 1971 Switzerland. 1976 Liechtenstein. Not yet in Arab countries. Wyoming.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Triumvirate. 60BC. Caesar, Pompey, Crassus. 43BC. Octavian, Antony, Lepidus.

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