Rome, Treaty of. 1957. Established EEC, Atomic Energy policy.

Rømer, Olaus. 1644-1710. Danish astronomer. Proved finite speed of light 1676.

Romulus. Twin brother of Remus. Suckled by a wolf, they built Rome.

Samnite Wars. 4-3C BC. 3 wars by which Rome conquered central, south Italy.

Sanctuary, Right of. Established 4C Rome. England until 1623 (criminal), 18C (civil). Europe until 1789. Asylum in church for 1 month.

Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger. 1483-1546. Florentine architect. Rome’s Palazzo Farnese 1534-46.

Sardinia. 6C BC Carthage. 238BC Rome. 435 Vandal. 534 Byzantine Empire. 10C Saracen. 1016 Pisa. 1189 Hohenstaufen +Piedmont. 1326 Aragon. 1713 Austria. 1720 Savoy Kingdom. 1796 France. 1815 +Genoa. 1861 Italy. Sardinian Victor-Emmanuel became king of Italy.

Scaevola, Gaius. Legendary hero. Saved Rome from Etruscans c509BC.

Scriabin, Aleksandr. 1872-1915. Russian composer uniting music with philosophy: Prometheus 1911. Musical symbolism.

Servile Wars. Slave revolts vs Rome. 134-132BC Sicily. 102-99BC Sicily. 73-71BC S Italy. Spartacus.

Seven Hills of Rome. Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, Aventine.

Shakespeare, William. 1564-1616. English dramatic poet. Master of language, characters, perception.Titus Andronicus c1593. Romeo and Juliet c1594. Hamlet c1602. Othello c1604. King Lear c1606. Lover’s Complaint c1609. Sonnets 1609. Tempest 1611.

Shelley, Percy Bysshe. 1792-1822. English lyric poet. Advocated freedom of thought. Prometheus Unbound 1820.

Sicily. c1100BC Sicans. Sicels. Mycenaean. 7C BC Phoenicia(W)/ Gr(E). 241BC Rome. 5C Ostrogoth. 6C Byzantine. 827 Saracen. 1072 Norman. 1130 +Naples. 1197 Hohenstaufen. 1266-82 France. 1302 Aragon. 1443 +Naples=Two Sicilies. 1860 Italy.

Silk Route. Trade route from Rome to China. Followed by Marco Polo.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Social War. 90-89BC. Tribal rebellion. Rome grants citizenship to all allies.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spartacus. -71BC. Leader of slaves revolt against Rome 73BC. Defeated and killed by Crassus. Servile War.

SPQR Senatus Populusque Romanus. = The Senate and People of Rome.

Styria. Celtic. 15BC Rome. 5C Germanic. 6C Slav. 8C Frankish. 9C German. 1056 Steyr. 1180 Duchy. 1192 Babenberg. 1276 Hapsburg. 1918 Austria. 1919 S: Yugoslavia.

Switzerland. Celts (Helvetii). 58BC Rome. 5C Alemanni, Burgundians. 6C Frank. 962 HRE. 1291 3 Cantons unite vs Hapsburgs. 1515- Neutral. 1648 Indepence recognized. 1815 Neutrality recogognized.

Syracuse. c734BC Corinthian colony in Sicily. 211BC Rome. 878 Arab. 1085 Norman. Sicily. Dionysius.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

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