Protestantism. Christian doctrine based on faith instead of church dispensations. Reformation. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Luther.

Proust, Marcel. 1871-1922. French novelist: Remembrance of Things Past 1914.

Prussia. 1226 Teutonic Knights. 1466 «Poland. 1525 Duchy of Poland. c1660 Independent. 1701 Kingdom. 1772-95 +NW Poland. 1871 Dominated German Empire. 1919 Weimar(W)/ Poland(E). 1933 Germany(W). Bismarck.

Qaddafi, Muammar. 1942-. Radical nationalist Libyan dictator 1969- after deposing Idris I. Nationalized oil industry 1973. Middle East terrorist supporter.

Quant, Mary. 1934-. English fashion designer. Miniskirt.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Rambouillet, Marquise de. 1588-1665. First Paris literary salon.

Ramillies, Battle. 1706. Churchill wins most of Belgium for Britain from France.

Randolph, A. Philip. 1889-1979. US black civil rights/labor leader. March on Washington 1963.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Regula, St. 3C Zurich martyr.

Remarque, Erich. 1898-1970. German/US writer. All Quiet on the Western Front 1929.

Retz, Gilles de. 1404-40. French Marshal. Joan of Arc companion. Tortured, killed 140 children. Model for Bluebeard.

Reuchlin, Johannes. 1455-1522. German. Christian. Created Hebrew grammar.

Revere, Paul. 1735-1818. Silversmith. American Revolution hero. 1775 Midnight ride warned militia of British troops marching on Concord.

Revisionism. Criticism of tenets of Marxism by Bernstein, Tito.

Rickover, Hyman. 1900-86. US Admiral. “Father of nuclear submarine”.

Rights, Bill of. 1689. Established power of British Parliament over taxes, laws, army. Protestant Succession. William and Mary.

Roberts, Frederick. 1832-1914. British Field Marshal. Afghan War. Boer War.

Rockingham, 2nd Marquess. 1730-82. British Prime Minister. Tried to make peace with American colonies.

Rogers, John. 1500-55. English Protestant martyr. Published forerunner of King James Bible.

Rolfe, John. 1585-1622. English colonist in Virginia. Married Pocahontas.

Rommel, Erwin. 1891-1944. German WWII Field Marshal in Africa 1941-3, France 1944. “Desert Fox”. Plotted vs Hitler. Suicide.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Rothko, Mark. 1903-70. Russian/US Abstract Expressionist painter. Large canvases of solid color. Light Earth and Blue 1954.

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