Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Marprelate Tracts. 1588-9. Anonymous seditious Puritan pamphlets for which Penry was executed.

Marquess. (Marquis). Second rank of British peerage.

Marquette, Jacques. 1637-75. French explorer of Mississippi, 1673. Joliet.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Marryat, Frederick. 1792-1848. English adventure writer of energetic seafaring stories. Midshipman Easy 1836.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Marseillaise. French national anthem, by Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Named for volunteer militia who adopted song on march to Paris.

Marseilles. c600BC Greek colony. 49BC Rome.

Marshal. Highest military rank in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China.

Marshall, George. 1880-1959. US general. Marshall Plan.

Marshall, James. 1810-85. Discovered gold 1848. California Gold Rush 1849.

Marshall, John. 1755-1835. US Chief Justice. Marbury-Madison.

Marshall, Thurgood. 1908-93. First black on US Supreme Court 1967-92.

Marshall Plan. 1948-52. European Recovery Program. US supplied $12B goods, loans, grants. Rejected by COMECON as ’dollar imperialism’.

Marsilius of Padua. c1282-1343. Italian political philosopher. -“political power comes from the people”.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Marsyas. Mythical Phrygian artist. Challenged Apollo to musical contest.

Martel, Charles. Charles Martel.

Martel, Édouard. 1859-1938. Creator of speleology.

Martello Towers. 1804. Swiss designed defensive towers on English coast against Napoleon.

Martha. Sister of Mary and Lazarus. Symbol of active life.

Martí, José. 1853-95. Led Cuban war vs Spain.

Martial, Marcus. c40-103. Roman epigrammatic poet.

Martin, St. c316-97. Bishop of Tours. Introduced monasticism to France. French patron saint.

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