Wittenberg. 1517. Church door on which Luther posted his 95 Theses.

Wittstock, Battle. 1636. Sweden defeats Holy Roman Empire in Thirty Years War.

Wöhler, Friedrich. 1800-82. German. Synthesized urea 1828. Aluminum 1827.

Wolf, Hugo. 1860-1903. Austrian poet/song writer. Subtle interweaving of piano and vocal based on German, Spanish, Italian poems.

Wolfram von Eschenbach. 1170-1220. German lyric poet. Parsifal 1202.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. 1759-97. English feminist author. Vindication of the Rights of Women 1792. Mother of Mary W Shelley.

Wolsey, Thomas. c1475-1530. English cardinal. Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. Lost influence when unable to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Built Hampton Court Palace as gift for Henry VIII. Unpopularity a cause of Reformation.

Woodhull, Victoria. 1838-1927. US reformer. First female presidential candidate 1872. Suffrage, free love advocate.

Wordsworth, William. 1770-1850. English Romantic lyric ballad Lake Poet. “Nature’s Priest”.

World Court. 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1921 Hague Conference created Permanent Court of International Justice. 1945 International Court of Justice.

World War I. 1914-18. Allies-France, British Empire, Russia, Italy, US(1917-) vs Central Powers-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire. Caused by Nationalist movements, Balkan instability, trade rivalry, alliances. 30M casualties. First tanks, chemical, planes, submarines. Ended Russian, Ottoman, Austria-Hungarian Empires.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

WorldTradeCenter, 1972-2001. New York. Attacked 1993, destroyed September 11, 2001 by al-Qaeda terrorists. Osama bin Laden.

Worms, Diet of. 1521. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Lutheranism outlawed. Luther declared heretic, exiled. Reformation.

Worms, Synod. 1076. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to depose Pope Gregory VII. 1122 Concordat of Worms.

Wounded Knee. 1890. 200 Sioux Indians massacred by US troops.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wundt, Wilhelm. 1832-1920. German “father of” experimental psychology 1858.

Wyat, Thomas. 1503-42. English poet. Introduced Italian sonnet form to English.

Wyat’s Insurrection. 1554. Failed march on London vs Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain. Wyat (son of Thomas Wyat) beheaded.

Wycherley, William. 1640-1716. English satirical Restoration dramatist: Country Wife 1675. Plain Dealer 1676.

Wyoming. 1869 First US territory to give women vote. 1925 First US woman governor.

Wyoming Massacre. 1778. British Loyalists, Indians attack American settlement while men away in Washington’s army. 360 women, children killed.

Xanthos, Sieges. Lycians defend against: 546BC Persians. 43BC Romans. Residents commit mass suicide both times. Asia Minor.

Yakima Indian Wars. 1855-8. Indians resist move to reservations. Defeated by US troops.

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