Adelung, Johann. 1732-1806. German scholar; helped standardize language.

Carson, Edward. 1854-1935. Irish. Formed Ulster Volunteers to resist Home Rule.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Clunaics. 910-12C. Strict Benedictine Order.

Denikin, Anton. 1872-1947. Russian general of White Army, 1918-20.

Foreign Legion. 1831-. French army unit of foreign volunteers, French officers founded in Algeria.

Fourier, Charles. 1772-1837. French socialist philosopher. His utopia was attempted in US, Brook Farm, a voluntary cooperative.

Gibbon, John. First heart-lung machine 1953.

Hebbel, Friedrich. 1813-63. German psychological poet, playwright. Nibelungen 1862.

International Brigades. 1936-9. 60,000 volunteers who opposed Franco in Spanish Civil War.

Kornilov, Lavr. 1870-1918. Russian general. Kerensky’s Commander-in-Chief, 1917. Failed coup vs Kerensky. Led Anti-Bolshevik White Army.

Luna 2. 1959 Russian spacecraft. Hard moon landing.

Luna 3. 1959. First photographs of moon’s far side.

Luna, Pedro de. = Antipope Benedict XIII.

Luna 9. 1966 Russian spacecraft. Soft moon landing.

Luna. Roman moon goddess, = Selene.

Lundy’s Lane, Battle. 1814. Canada defeats US invasion. War of 1812.

Lunéville, Treaty. 1801. Austria quit French Revolutionary War. Pope Pius VII restored.

Marseillaise. French national anthem, by Rouget de Lisle, 1792. Named for volunteer militia who adopted song on march to Paris.

Nibelungen. Rich subterranean dwarfs of 12C German epic poem c1200. Basis of Wagner’s Ring.

Privateers. 13-19C. Pirates licensed by letters of marque to plunder enemy vessels. Drake. Hawkins.

Rough Riders. 1898. US volunteer cavalry in Spanish American War under Roosevelt. Won San Juan hill.

Sainte-Beuve, Charles. 1804-69. French critic: Causeries de lundi 1851-62.

Volunteers, Departure of. 1792. Sang Marseillaise.

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