Innocent VIII. 1432-92. Pope 1484-. Authorized Inquisition against witchcraft 1484.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

John VIII. -882. Pope 872-. Paid Saracens for protection. Slavs allowed liturgy in Slavic.

Michael VIII. 1224-82. Byzantine Emperor 1259-. Won Constantinople from Latins. Founded Paleologus dynasty.

More, Thomas. 1477-1535. English humanist, statesman. Utopia 1516, described ideal cooperative democracy. Executed by Henry VIII for opposing Act of Supremacy. Catholic saint.

Parr, Catherine. 1512-48. Sixth and last wife of Henry VIII.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Seymour, Jane. 1509-37. Third wife of Henry VIII. Died after giving birth to Edward VI.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Skelton, John. c1460-1529. English satirical poet. Tutor, adviser to Henry VIII.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Wolsey, Thomas. c1475-1530. English cardinal. Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. Lost influence when unable to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Built Hampton Court Palace as gift for Henry VIII. Unpopularity a cause of Reformation.