Dissolution of Monasteries. 1536, small; 1539, large. Henry VIII siezes wealth of church.

Edward VII. 1841-1910. King of UK, 1901-. Founded Order of Merit 1902. Promoted Anglo-French relations.

Edward VIII. 1894-1972. King of UK 1936. Abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson, became Duke of Windsor.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Fisher, St. John. 1469-1535. English Humanist scholar. Beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of church. More.

Fitzgerald, Thomas. 1513-37. Irish. Led rebellion vs Henry VIII 1534-5.

Fouquet, Jean. 1420-70. French miniaturist. Book of Hours 1450. Charles VII 1445.

Frederick VII. 1808-63. Danish king 1848-. Formed Constitutional Monarchy.

Great Intercourse. 1495. Henry VIII, Philip of Burgundy trade treaty.

Gregory VII (Hildebrand), St. 1020-85. Pope 1073-. Condemned lay investiture 1075. Henry IV appoints Anti-Pope Clement III, attacked Rome, 1081-3.

Haakon VII. 1872-1957. King of Norway after separation from Sweden, 1905. In exile 1940-45.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Holbein, Hans, the Younger. 1497-1543. German/English Realist portrait painter. St. Mary 1525. Danse Macabre 1526. Henry VIII 1540.

Howard, Catherine. 1521-42. 5th wife of Henry VIII. Beheaded.

Innocent VIII. 1432-92. Pope 1484-. Authorized Inquisition against witchcraft 1484.

Investiture Controversy. 1075-1122. Gregory VII abolished Holy Roman Emperor’s power to invest bishops. Led to war with Henry IV. Concordat of Worms.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

John VIII. -882. Pope 872-. Paid Saracens for protection. Slavs allowed liturgy in Slavic.

Langtry, Lily. 1853-1929. English beauty/actress. Favourite of Edward VII as Prince of Wales.

Lunéville, Treaty. 1801. Austria quit French Revolutionary War. Pope Pius VII restored.

Medici. Merchant family. Ruled Florence 1434~1737. Patron of Italian Renaissance arts. Catherine. Marie. Popes Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI.

Michael VIII. 1224-82. Byzantine Emperor 1259-. Won Constantinople from Latins. Founded Paleologus dynasty.

More, Thomas. 1477-1535. English humanist, statesman. Utopia 1516, described ideal cooperative democracy. Executed by Henry VIII for opposing Act of Supremacy. Catholic saint.

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