Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Chevrolet, Louis. 1879-1941. Fndr Chev. Motor Co. 1904.

Cinematography. 1889 Edison kinetoscope. 1895 Lumière Cinematographe. 1906 Color. 1928 Talky. 1929 Technicolor.

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste. 1619-83. Louis XIV’s Finance Minister.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Damiens, Robert-François. 1715-1757. Stabbed Louis XV. Quartered.

David, Louis. 1748-1825. French republican. Neoclassical painter. Oath of the Horatii 1784. Marat 1793. Coronation of Napoleon 1808.

Davout, Louis. 1770-1823. Napoleon’s general, Minister of War 1815.

Decazes, Elie, duc de. 1780-1860. Minister of Louis XVIII. Moderate leader.

Desaix, Louis. 1768-1800. French general. Killed at Marengo.

Divine Right. 16-18C. Assertion that king’s authority came from God. Louis XIV. James I. Charles I.

Dover, Treaty. 1670. Secret agreement. Louis XIV and Charles II. led to Third Dutch War. Ends Triple Alliance.

DuBarry, Marie. 1746-93. Mistress of Louis XV. Guillotined.

Durant, William. 1861-1947. US founder GM 1908, Chevrolet 1911.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Épinay, Louise d’. 1726-83. French Enlightenment patroness.

Fersen, Hans. 1755-1810. Swedish. Failed attempt to save Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

Festival of the Supreme Being. 8 June 1794. Declared by Robespierre and designed by David.

Fouché, Joseph. 1758-1820. French Revolutionary. Minister of Police 1779~1815. Secret police. Intrigued vs Robespierre 1794, Napoleon 1799,1807; Louis XVIII 1814.

Fouquet, Nicolas. 1615-80. Finance Minister to Louis XIV. Imprisoned for embezzlement after a 3 year trial at The Arsenal 1661-4.

Fréron, Louis. 1754-1802. French Revolutionary. Conspired vs Robespierre.

Gálvez, Bernardo de. c1746-86. Spanish Governor of Louisiana 1777-83. Viceroy of New Spain 1785-.

Gay-Lussac, Louis. 1778-1850. French chemist. Laws of combining gases, 1804. Meteorology.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

101 more results ...