Gunpowder Plot. Nov 5, 1605. Conspiracy of Catholics against James I. Betrayed, the Houses of Parliament were not blown up. Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy each year. Catesby.

Hébert, Jacques. 1757-94. French revolutionary extremist. Led Sansculottes. Cult of Reason.

Helots. Spartan slave class. Rebelled 464BC.

Igor. 1151-1202. Russian prince defeated by Polotsy. Hero of literature.

James I. 1566-1625. James VI of Scotland 1567-. King of England 1603-. United Scotland and England. Authorized Bible 1611.“Wisest fool in Christianity”. Gunpowder Plot. Religious controversy.

Judas of Galilee. Jewish zealot. Led revolt vs Rome over tax census.

Kamikaze. 1281 “Divine Wind”. Typhoon that destroyed Mongol invasion of Japan. 1944- suicide pilots. Okinawa.

Lancelot. Knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. Guinevere’s lover. Galahad’s father.

Lavoisier, Antoine. 1743-94. French “father of modern chemistry”. Oxygen in combustion 1772. Guillotined.

Lawrence, Ernest. 1901-58. Invented cyclotron, 1930.

Lerner, Alan. 1918-86. Lyricist. My Fair Lady. Camelot.

Lot. His wife was turned to stone. Sodom.

Lothair. 835-69. King of Lotharingia, 855. Disputes with Pope over annulment of his marriage.

Lothair I. 795-855. Carolingian Emperor, 840-. Failed attempt to reunite empire.

Lotharingia. 843-870. Middle kingdom of split Carolingian Empire. Redivided.

Lotus Eaters. African peoples of Odyssey who were forgetful and idle.

Louis. The Younger. c830-882. Carolingian German King 876-. Acquired Lotharingia.

Louis XVI. 1754-93. French King 1774-92. Bankrupted Government. French Revolution. Guillotined 1793.

Mailer, Norman. 1923-2007. US writer. Naked and the Dead 1948. Executioner’s Song 1979. Harlot’s Ghost 1991.

Marat, Jean-Paul. 1743-1793. Bloodthirsty French revolutionary, murdered by Charlotte Corday.

Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

Martello Towers. 1804. Swiss designed defensive towers on English coast against Napoleon.

Masada. 66-73. Last Zealot stronghold vs Rome. 2 Year siege.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

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