Plombières Agreement. 1858. Napoleon III agrees to support Cavour (Piedmont) vs Austria in return for Savoy and Nice.

Polo, Marco. c1254-1324. Venetian traveller to China 1275-92.Travels of Marco Polo 1298.

Ravenna. 402 Western Roman Empire capital. 476 Ostrogothic capital of Italy. 553 Byzantine. 751 Lombard. 754 Franks. 1278 Papal States. 1441 Venice. 1509 Papal States. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Salome. -72. Herod Antipas’ step-daughter, demanded and received John the Baptist’s head.

Salomon, Haym. 1740-85. Main financial backer of American Revolution.

Sheba. (Saba’). Biblical country in south Arabia. 10C BC Colonized Ethiopia. 2C BC Overrun by Persia. Bilqis, Queen of Sheba visited Solomon.

Sigismund. 1368-1437. King of Hungary 1387-, Germans 1411-, Lombardy 1431-, HRE 1433-. Helped end Schism. Executed Huss.

Silk Route. Trade route from Rome to China. Followed by Marco Polo.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Solferino, Battle. 1859. Victor-Emmanuel gains Lombardy during Risorgimento. Carnage leads to Red Cross.

Solomon. King of Israel c973-933BC. First Temple at Jerusalem. Biblical writings. Known for wisdom.

Sonnino, Sidney. 1847-1922. Italian diplomat. Encouraged Italy into WWI. Treaty of London.

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. 1572. Catherine de Medici has 2000 Huguenots killed by Charles IX.

St-Germain-L’Auxerrois. 13-15C. Church by Louvre gave signal for Massacre of St-Bartholomew.

Stevenson, Adlai. 1900-65. US diplomat, United Nations founder.

Strauss, Richard. 1864-1949. Traditional German composer of symphonic poems, operas. Don Juan 1889. Salome 1905. Also Sprach Zarathustra 1909.

Taft, William. 1857-1930. US president 1909-13. Dollar diplomacy. Chief Justice 1921-.

Temple, William. 1628-99. English diplomat. Arranged Triple Alliance, marriage of William and Mary.

Temple of Jerusalem. First: 957BC. Solomon. Destroyed 586BC by Nebuchadnezzar. Rebuilt 515BC.

Turin, Treaty. 1860. Nice, Savoy ceded to France by Piedmont, in exchange for Lomabardy.

Tuscany. 1000BC Etruscans. 3C Rome = Tuscia. 6C Lombardy. 774 Franks. 12C Independent. 1434 Medici. 1737 Hapsburg-Lorraine. 1800 French Kingdom of Etruria. 1814 Hapsburg. 1849 Republic. 1861 Italy.

Uruguay. 1516 Díaz discovers. 1683 Portugal. 1777 Spain(La Plata). 1820 Brazil. 1828 Independent.

Utrillo, Maurice. 1883-1955. Montmartre painter. Sacre Coeur 1937. White Period 1908-14.

Venezuela. Carib, Caraca, Teque. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1523 Spain settles. 1811 Independence declared. 1821 «Gran Colombia. 1829 Independent republic.

Verona. Raeti. Etruscans. Gauls. 89BC Rome. 489 Ostrogoth. 774 Charlemagne. 1107 Republic. 1164 Veronese League...Lombard League. 1387 Milan. 1405 Venice. 1797 Austria. 1866 Italy.

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