Nationalism. 17-20C. Sociopolitical movement stressing individual’s loyalty to his state. 19C Led to Imperialism. 20C Fascism and Nazism.

Nationalism. Musical movement to reflect national or ethnic spirit. Especially 16C and 19C. Grieg. Sibelius.

Naturalism. 19-20C Literary movement presenting life objectively. Zola.

Nehru, Pandit Jawaharial. 1889-1964. Congress Movement 1929-. First Indian Prime Minister 1947-. Rationalized Hindu laws.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Newman, John. 1801-90. English theologian, writer, founded Oxford Movement. Apologia pro Vita Sua 1868.

Niagara Movement. 1905-10. US black civil rights movement. NAACP.

Noncooperation Movement. 1920-22. Ghandi’s non-violent protest in India. Amritsar Massacre.

Op art. 20C style incorporating optical illusion of movement. Vasarely. Riley.

Oxford Movement. 1833-45. Christian Socialist Tractarian movement for return to RC ritual, dogma in Anglican Church.

Pan-Germanism. 1894-1945. German nationalist movement. Nazism.

Pan-Slavism. 19C Slavic unity movement. Caused Russo-Turkish War 1877.

Parks, Rosa. 1913-. US ‘mother’ of Civil Rights Movement. Arrested, 1955, for not relinquishing her seat to a white man. King.

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Pop Art. 1950-. Movement drawing from popular culture. Warhol. Lichtenstein.

Populist Movement. 1890s. US agrarian reform coalition.

Post-Impressionism. -1910. Modern art movement of solid color and forms as a reaction to Impressionism. Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin.

Poujadism. 1954-8. French extreme right-wing political movement founded by Poujade. Gained tax concessions.

Prohibition. 1920-33. US 18th Amendment. Alcoholic drinks illegal. Repealed by 21st. Temperance Movement.

Puritanism. 16-17C. English Calvinist movement to purify church of Catholic and political elements. Valued hard work, education, thrift.

Pusey, Edward. 1800-82. English. Led Oxford Movement.

Quietism. 1696. Mystic religious movements. Passivity allows communication with God. Hinduism. Sufism. Molinos. Guyon. Fenelon. Soul in passive state is saved by divine spirit.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Realism. 19C art movement concerned with recording everyday life. Courbet.

Reason, Cult of. 1793-5. French Revolution atheist anti-Catholic movement.

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